महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-82, verse-57

यस्त्यजेन्नैमिषे प्राणानुपवासपरायणः ।
स मोदेत्स्वर्गलोकस्थ एवमाहुर्मनीषिणः ।
नित्यं पुण्यं च मेध्यं च नैमिषं नृपसत्तम ॥५७॥

57. yastyajennaimiṣe prāṇānupavāsaparāyaṇaḥ ,
sa modetsvargalokastha evamāhurmanīṣiṇaḥ ,
nityaṁ puṇyaṁ ca medhyaṁ ca naimiṣaṁ nṛpasattama.

57. yaḥ tyajet naimiṣe prāṇān upavāsaparāyaṇaḥ
saḥ modet svargalokasthaḥ
evam āhuḥ manīṣiṇaḥ nityam puṇyam
ca medhyam ca naimiṣam nṛpasattama

57. One who, devoted to fasting, gives up their vital breath (prāṇa) in Naimiṣa rejoices, residing in the celestial realm (svargaloka). This is what the wise (manīṣin) declare. Moreover, O best of kings (nṛpasattama), Naimiṣa is eternally meritorious and pure.

Words meanings summery:

• यः (yaḥ) - whichever person (who, whoever)

• त्यजेत् (tyajet) - (one who) gives up (his life) (should abandon, should give up)

• नैमिषे (naimiṣe) - in the sacred forest of Naimiṣa (in Naimiṣa)

• प्राणान् (prāṇān) - one's life or vital energies (prāṇa) (vital breaths, life-forces, lives)

• उपवासपरायणः (upavāsaparāyaṇaḥ) - one who observes strict fasting (intent on fasting, devoted to fasting)

• सः (saḥ) - that person mentioned in the preceding relative clause (he, that person)

• मोदेत् (modet) - that person will experience joy (should rejoice, may rejoice)

• स्वर्गलोकस्थः (svargalokasthaḥ) - dwelling in the heavenly worlds (svargaloka) (residing in the celestial realm, situated in heaven)

• एवम् (evam) - this is how (they say) (thus, in this manner)

• आहुः (āhuḥ) - the wise (manīṣin) declare (they say, they declare)

• मनीषिणः (manīṣiṇaḥ) - scholars or enlightened individuals (manīṣin) (wise men, sages, thinkers)

• नित्यम् (nityam) - always, permanently (meritorious and sacred) (eternally, constantly, perpetually)

• पुण्यम् (puṇyam) - intrinsically sacred and bestowing merit (meritorious, virtuous, sacred)

• च (ca) - connects 'nityam' and 'medhyam' (and, also)

• मेध्यम् (medhyam) - ritually pure and sacred (pure, sacred, fit for sacrifice)

• च (ca) - connects 'puṇyam' and 'medhyam' (and, also)

• नैमिषम् (naimiṣam) - the sacred forest of Naimiṣa (Naimiṣa)

• नृपसत्तम (nṛpasattama) - an address to a supreme king, similar to 'O best of Bharatas' (O best of kings)

Words meanings and morphology

यः (yaḥ) - whichever person (who, whoever)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who

Note: Relative pronoun, introduces a clause.

त्यजेत् (tyajet) - (one who) gives up (his life) (should abandon, should give up)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of tyaj

Optative Mood, Parasmaipada, 3rd Person Singular

Root: tyaj (class 1)

Note: Refers to the act of giving up one's life.

नैमिषे (naimiṣe) - in the sacred forest of Naimiṣa (in Naimiṣa)

(proper noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of naimiṣa

naimiṣa - a sacred forest, Naimiṣa

Note: Indicates location.

प्राणान् (prāṇān) - one's life or vital energies (prāṇa) (vital breaths, life-forces, lives)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of prāṇa

prāṇa - breath, vital air, life-force, life, energy

Note: Object of 'tyajet'.

उपवासपरायणः (upavāsaparāyaṇaḥ) - one who observes strict fasting (intent on fasting, devoted to fasting)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of upavāsaparāyaṇa

upavāsaparāyaṇa - devoted to fasting, intent on fasting

Compound of upavāsa (fasting) and parāyaṇa (chief aim, devotion).

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (upavāsa+parāyaṇa)

• upavāsa – fasting, abstinence from food
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from √vas (to dwell) with prefix upa, but meaning 'fasting'.
  Prefix: upa
  Root: vas (class 4)
• parāyaṇa – chief aim, last resort, devoted to, intent on
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Describes 'yaḥ'.

सः (saḥ) - that person mentioned in the preceding relative clause (he, that person)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Correlative pronoun to 'yaḥ'.

मोदेत् (modet) - that person will experience joy (should rejoice, may rejoice)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of mud

Optative Mood, Ātmanepada, 3rd Person Singular

Root: mud (class 1)

Note: Indicates a consequence or expectation.

स्वर्गलोकस्थः (svargalokasthaḥ) - dwelling in the heavenly worlds (svargaloka) (residing in the celestial realm, situated in heaven)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of svargalokastha

svargalokastha - situated in the celestial realm

Compound of svargaloka (celestial world) and stha (standing, situated).

Compound type : saptamī-tatpuruṣa (svargaloka+stha)

• svarga – heaven, celestial abode
  noun (masculine)
• loka – world, realm, sphere
  noun (masculine)
• stha – standing, situated, dwelling
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from √sthā (to stand, to stay).
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Describes 'saḥ'.

एवम् (evam) - this is how (they say) (thus, in this manner)

(indeclinable)

Note: Refers to the preceding statement.

आहुः (āhuḥ) - the wise (manīṣin) declare (they say, they declare)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of brū

Perfect tense (irregular form from √brū or √vac), Parasmaipada, 3rd Person Plural. (Often used for 'they say').

Root: brū (class 2)

Note: Irregular perfect form meaning 'they say'.

मनीषिणः (manīṣiṇaḥ) - scholars or enlightened individuals (manīṣin) (wise men, sages, thinkers)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of manīṣin

manīṣin - wise, intelligent, thoughtful, sage

Derived from manīṣā (intellect, wisdom).

Note: Subject of 'āhuḥ'.

नित्यम् (nityam) - always, permanently (meritorious and sacred) (eternally, constantly, perpetually)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of nitya

nitya - eternal, constant, perpetual, regular

Note: Can function as an adverb or an adjective here. Describes Naimiṣa.

पुण्यम् (puṇyam) - intrinsically sacred and bestowing merit (meritorious, virtuous, sacred)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of puṇya

puṇya - meritorious, virtuous, sacred, holy; merit, virtue

Note: Describes 'naimiṣam'.

च (ca) - connects 'nityam' and 'medhyam' (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunctive particle.

मेध्यम् (medhyam) - ritually pure and sacred (pure, sacred, fit for sacrifice)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of medhya

medhya - pure, sacred, clean, fit for sacrifice

Derived from √medh (to be pure, to prosper).

Root: medh (class 1)

Note: Describes 'naimiṣam'.

च (ca) - connects 'puṇyam' and 'medhyam' (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunctive particle. Used for 'X and Y' (X ca Y ca).

नैमिषम् (naimiṣam) - the sacred forest of Naimiṣa (Naimiṣa)

(proper noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of naimiṣa

naimiṣa - a sacred forest, Naimiṣa

Note: Subject of the implied verb 'is'.

नृपसत्तम (nṛpasattama) - an address to a supreme king, similar to 'O best of Bharatas' (O best of kings)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of nṛpasattama

nṛpasattama - best of kings, excellent among kings

Compound of nṛpa (king) and sattama (best).

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (nṛpa+sattama)

• nṛpa – king, protector of men
  noun (masculine)
  Compound of nṛ (man) and pā (protector), or from √nṛp (to rule).
• sattama – best, most excellent
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative degree from sat (good).

Note: Used as an address.