महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-82, verse-118

कन्यायां ये प्रयच्छन्ति पानमन्नं च भारत ।
तदक्षयमिति प्राहुरृषयः संशितव्रताः ॥११८॥

118. kanyāyāṁ ye prayacchanti pānamannaṁ ca bhārata ,
tadakṣayamiti prāhurṛṣayaḥ saṁśitavratāḥ.

118. kanyāyām ye prayacchanti pānam annam ca bhārata
tat akṣayam iti prāhuḥ ṛṣayaḥ saṃśitavratāḥ

118. O Bhārata, those who offer food and drink to a maiden, the sages who are steadfast in their vows (saṃśitavratāḥ) declare that act to be imperishable.

118. הו בְּהָארַטַה, מי שנותן שם בקַנְיָא משקה ואוכל, מה שהוא נותן שם אינו אובד לעולם, כך אומרים החוזים השומרים על נדריהם בקפדנות.

Words meanings summery:

• कन्यायाम् (kanyāyām) - to a maiden, to a girl

• ये (ye) - those who, which

• प्रयच्छन्ति (prayacchanti) - they give, they offer

• पानम् (pānam) - drink, a beverage

• अन्नम् (annam) - food, cooked rice

• च (ca) - and, also

• भारत (bhārata) - O descendant of Bharata, O Bhārata

• तत् (tat) - that, that deed

• अक्षयम् (akṣayam) - imperishable, inexhaustible, eternal

• इति (iti) - (introduces a quote or statement) (thus, in this manner, so)

• प्राहुः (prāhuḥ) - they say, they declare

• ऋषयः (ṛṣayaḥ) - sages, seers

• संशितव्रताः (saṁśitavratāḥ) - of firm vows, steadfast in their observances

Words meanings and morphology

कन्यायाम् (kanyāyām) - to a maiden, to a girl

(noun)

Dative, feminine, singular of kanyā

kanyā - a maiden, a girl, a virgin

Note: Also locative singular, but dative fits the context 'to a maiden' for giving.

ये (ye) - those who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which, what

प्रयच्छन्ति (prayacchanti) - they give, they offer

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present indicative (laṭ) of pra-yam

root yam with prefix pra, present indicative, 3rd plural

Prefix: pra

Root: yam (class 1)

पानम् (pānam) - drink, a beverage

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pāna

pāna - drinking, a drink, a beverage

from root pā (to drink)

Root: pā (class 1)

अन्नम् (annam) - food, cooked rice

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of anna

anna - food, grain, cooked rice

Past Passive Participle (originally) or derived noun

from root ad (to eat)

Root: ad (class 2)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

भारत (bhārata) - O descendant of Bharata, O Bhārata

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, belonging to Bharata, a resident of Bhārata-varṣa

तत् (tat) - that, that deed

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Acts as the subject for 'akṣayam' referring to the action of giving.

अक्षयम् (akṣayam) - imperishable, inexhaustible, eternal

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of akṣaya

akṣaya - imperishable, inexhaustible, eternal

Negative prefix a- + kṣaya (perishable, from root kṣi)

Compound type : tatpurusha (a+kṣaya)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• kṣaya – perishing, decay, destruction, loss
  noun (masculine)
  from root kṣi (to perish)
  Root: kṣi (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'tat' (that deed).

इति (iti) - (introduces a quote or statement) (thus, in this manner, so)

(indeclinable)

प्राहुः (prāhuḥ) - they say, they declare

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of pra-ah

root ah with prefix pra, perfect tense, 3rd plural (historical perfect used as simple past/present)

Prefix: pra

Root: ah (class 2)

Note: Often used for present tense in classical Sanskrit.

ऋषयः (ṛṣayaḥ) - sages, seers

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ṛṣi

ṛṣi - a seer, an inspired poet, a sage

Note: Subject of prāhuḥ.

संशितव्रताः (saṁśitavratāḥ) - of firm vows, steadfast in their observances

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of saṃśitavrata

saṁśitavrata - one whose vows are firm/sharpened, steadfast in observances

compound of saṃśita (sharpened, firm) and vrata (vow, observance)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (saṃśita+vrata)

• saṃśita – sharpened, firm, resolute, observed
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  from root śi (to sharpen) with prefix saṃ
  Prefix: sam
  Root: śi (class 2)
• vrata – a vow, a religious observance, a sacred duty
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies 'ṛṣayaḥ'.

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