महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-1, verse-190

अतीतानागता भावा ये च वर्तन्ति सांप्रतम् ।
तान्कालनिर्मितान्बुद्ध्वा न संज्ञां हातुमर्हसि ॥१९०॥

190. atītānāgatā bhāvā ye ca vartanti sāṁpratam ,
tānkālanirmitānbuddhvā na saṁjñāṁ hātumarhasi.

190. atītānāgatāḥ bhāvāḥ ye ca vartanti sāmpratam
tān kālanirmitān buddhvā na saṃjñām hātum arhasi

190. Understanding that all states – those of the past, the future, and those currently existing – are created by Time, you should not abandon your (true) understanding.

Words meanings summery:

• अतीतानागताः (atītānāgatāḥ) - things/states that have passed and those yet to come (past and future)

• भावाः (bhāvāḥ) - states of existence, things (states, conditions, natures, existences)

• ये (ye) - those which (which, who (masculine nominative plural))

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• वर्तन्ति (vartanti) - they are present, they currently exist (they exist, they are present, they turn)

• साम्प्रतम् (sāmpratam) - at the present time (now, at present, suitably)

• तान् (tān) - those (states and things) (those (masculine accusative plural))

• कालनिर्मितान् (kālanirmitān) - produced or brought about by the cosmic force of Time (created by time)

• बुद्ध्वा (buddhvā) - having realized (having known, having understood)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• संज्ञाम् (saṁjñām) - one's true understanding or self-awareness (consciousness, knowledge, understanding, name, sign)

• हातुम् (hātum) - to give up or abandon (one's understanding) (to abandon, to give up, to forsake)

• अर्हसि (arhasi) - you ought (not to) (you ought, you are able, you deserve)

Words meanings and morphology

अतीतानागताः (atītānāgatāḥ) - things/states that have passed and those yet to come (past and future)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of atītānāgata

atītānāgata - past and future

Compound type : dvandva (atīta+anāgata)

• atīta – past, gone, passed
  past passive participle (masculine)
  past passive participle
  derived from root i with prefix ati
  Prefix: ati
  Root: i (class 2)
• anāgata – not come, future, unborn
  past passive participle (masculine)
  past passive participle (negated)
  derived from root gam with prefix ā, negated by 'an'
  Prefixes: an+ā
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'bhāvāḥ'.

भावाः (bhāvāḥ) - states of existence, things (states, conditions, natures, existences)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhāva

bhāva - being, existence, state, condition, disposition, sentiment

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'vartanti'.

ये (ye) - those which (which, who (masculine nominative plural))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Relative pronoun referring to 'bhāvāḥ'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'atītānāgatāḥ' and 'vartanti sāmpratam'.

वर्तन्ति (vartanti) - they are present, they currently exist (they exist, they are present, they turn)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of vṛt

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Refers to 'bhāvāḥ ye'.

साम्प्रतम् (sāmpratam) - at the present time (now, at present, suitably)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial.

तान् (tān) - those (states and things) (those (masculine accusative plural))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Refers back to 'bhāvāḥ ye ca vartanti sāmpratam'.

कालनिर्मितान् (kālanirmitān) - produced or brought about by the cosmic force of Time (created by time)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of kālanirmita

kālanirmita - created by time

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kāla+nirmita)

• kāla – time, destiny
  noun (masculine)
• nirmita – created, formed, made, built
  past passive participle (masculine)
  past passive participle
  derived from root mā with prefix nir
  Prefix: nir
  Root: mā (class 3)

Note: Agrees with 'tān'.

बुद्ध्वा (buddhvā) - having realized (having known, having understood)

(indeclinable)

absolutive

absolutive form from root budh

Root: budh (class 1)

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negation for 'arhasi'.

संज्ञाम् (saṁjñām) - one's true understanding or self-awareness (consciousness, knowledge, understanding, name, sign)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of saṃjñā

saṁjñā - consciousness, knowledge, understanding, name, sign, technical term

Prefix: sam

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Object of 'hātum'.

हातुम् (hātum) - to give up or abandon (one's understanding) (to abandon, to give up, to forsake)

(verb)

infinitive (tumun) of hā

infinitive

infinitive form from root hā

Root: hā (class 3)

Note: Object of 'arhasi'.

अर्हसि (arhasi) - you ought (not to) (you ought, you are able, you deserve)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of arh

Root: arh (class 1)

Note: Second person singular, refers to the listener.