महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-1, verse-190

अतीतानागता भावा ये च वर्तन्ति सांप्रतम् ।
तान्कालनिर्मितान्बुद्ध्वा न संज्ञां हातुमर्हसि ॥१९०॥

190. atītānāgatā bhāvā ye ca vartanti sāṁpratam ,
tānkālanirmitānbuddhvā na saṁjñāṁ hātumarhasi.

190. atītānāgatāḥ bhāvāḥ ye ca vartanti sāmpratam
tān kālanirmitān buddhvā na saṃjñām hātum arhasi

190. Understanding that all states – those of the past, the future, and those currently existing – are created by Time, you should not abandon your (true) understanding.

190. הדברים שהיו, שעתידים להיות ושקיימים עתה, דע שכולם נוצרו בידי הזמן, ואל תאבד את שיווי משקלך.

Words meanings summery:

• अतीतानागताः (atītānāgatāḥ) - things/states that have passed and those yet to come (past and future)

• भावाः (bhāvāḥ) - states of existence, things (states, conditions, natures, existences)

• ये (ye) - those which (which, who (masculine nominative plural))

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• वर्तन्ति (vartanti) - they are present, they currently exist (they exist, they are present, they turn)

• साम्प्रतम् (sāmpratam) - at the present time (now, at present, suitably)

• तान् (tān) - those (states and things) (those (masculine accusative plural))

• कालनिर्मितान् (kālanirmitān) - produced or brought about by the cosmic force of Time (created by time)

• बुद्ध्वा (buddhvā) - having realized (having known, having understood)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• संज्ञाम् (saṁjñām) - one's true understanding or self-awareness (consciousness, knowledge, understanding, name, sign)

• हातुम् (hātum) - to give up or abandon (one's understanding) (to abandon, to give up, to forsake)

• अर्हसि (arhasi) - you ought (not to) (you ought, you are able, you deserve)

Words meanings and morphology

अतीतानागताः (atītānāgatāḥ) - things/states that have passed and those yet to come (past and future)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of atītānāgata

atītānāgata - past and future

Compound type : dvandva (atīta+anāgata)

• atīta – past, gone, passed
  past passive participle (masculine)
  past passive participle
  derived from root i with prefix ati
  Prefix: ati
  Root: i (class 2)
• anāgata – not come, future, unborn
  past passive participle (masculine)
  past passive participle (negated)
  derived from root gam with prefix ā, negated by 'an'
  Prefixes: an+ā
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'bhāvāḥ'.

भावाः (bhāvāḥ) - states of existence, things (states, conditions, natures, existences)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhāva

bhāva - being, existence, state, condition, disposition, sentiment

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'vartanti'.

ये (ye) - those which (which, who (masculine nominative plural))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Relative pronoun referring to 'bhāvāḥ'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'atītānāgatāḥ' and 'vartanti sāmpratam'.

वर्तन्ति (vartanti) - they are present, they currently exist (they exist, they are present, they turn)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of vṛt

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Refers to 'bhāvāḥ ye'.

साम्प्रतम् (sāmpratam) - at the present time (now, at present, suitably)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial.

तान् (tān) - those (states and things) (those (masculine accusative plural))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Refers back to 'bhāvāḥ ye ca vartanti sāmpratam'.

कालनिर्मितान् (kālanirmitān) - produced or brought about by the cosmic force of Time (created by time)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of kālanirmita

kālanirmita - created by time

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kāla+nirmita)

• kāla – time, destiny
  noun (masculine)
• nirmita – created, formed, made, built
  past passive participle (masculine)
  past passive participle
  derived from root mā with prefix nir
  Prefix: nir
  Root: mā (class 3)

Note: Agrees with 'tān'.

बुद्ध्वा (buddhvā) - having realized (having known, having understood)

(indeclinable)

absolutive

absolutive form from root budh

Root: budh (class 1)

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negation for 'arhasi'.

संज्ञाम् (saṁjñām) - one's true understanding or self-awareness (consciousness, knowledge, understanding, name, sign)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of saṃjñā

saṁjñā - consciousness, knowledge, understanding, name, sign, technical term

Prefix: sam

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Object of 'hātum'.

हातुम् (hātum) - to give up or abandon (one's understanding) (to abandon, to give up, to forsake)

(verb)

infinitive (tumun) of hā

infinitive

infinitive form from root hā

Root: hā (class 3)

Note: Object of 'arhasi'.

अर्हसि (arhasi) - you ought (not to) (you ought, you are able, you deserve)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of arh

Root: arh (class 1)

Note: Second person singular, refers to the listener.

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