महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-1, verse-132

यदाश्रौषं व्यूहमभेद्यमन्यैर्भारद्वाजेनात्तशस्त्रेण गुप्तम् ।
भित्त्वा सौभद्रं वीरमेकं प्रविष्टं तदा नाशंसे विजयाय संजय ॥१३२॥

132. yadāśrauṣaṁ vyūhamabhedyamanyai;rbhāradvājenāttaśastreṇa guptam ,
bhittvā saubhadraṁ vīramekaṁ praviṣṭaṁ; tadā nāśaṁse vijayāya saṁjaya.

132. yadā aśrauṣam vyūham abhedyam anyaiḥ
bhāradvājena āttaśastreṇa guptam
bhittvā saubhadram vīram ekam praviṣṭam
tadā na āśaṃse vijayāya saṃjaya

132. When I heard that the valiant Saubhadra, Abhimanyu, had single-handedly broken into that battle formation which was impenetrable to others and guarded by Droṇa, the son of Bhāradvāja, who was fully armed, then, Sañjaya, I lost all hope for victory.

Words meanings summery:

• यदा (yadā) - when (when, at which time)

• अश्रौषम् (aśrauṣam) - I heard

• व्यूहम् (vyūham) - battle formation (battle array, formation, disposition)

• अभेद्यम् (abhedyam) - impenetrable, invincible (impenetrable, indivisible, invulnerable)

• अन्यैः (anyaiḥ) - by other warriors (by others, by other people)

• भारद्वाजेन (bhāradvājena) - by Droṇa (by the descendant of Bharadvāja (Droṇa))

• आत्तशस्त्रेण (āttaśastreṇa) - by one who was armed (referring to Droṇa) (by one who has taken up weapons, by one who is armed)

• गुप्तम् (guptam) - guarded, protected (protected, guarded, concealed)

• भित्त्वा (bhittvā) - having pierced (the formation) (having pierced, having split)

• सौभद्रम् (saubhadram) - Abhimanyu, the son of Subhadrā (son of Subhadrā (Abhimanyu))

• वीरम् (vīram) - the valiant one, hero (hero, brave, valiant)

• एकम् (ekam) - single-handedly, alone (one, alone, single)

• प्रविष्टम् (praviṣṭam) - entered (the formation) (entered, gone into)

• तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• आशंसे (āśaṁse) - I hoped for (victory) (I hope for, I expect)

• विजयाय (vijayāya) - for victory

• संजय (saṁjaya) - O Sañjaya!

Words meanings and morphology

यदा (yadā) - when (when, at which time)

(indeclinable)

अश्रौषम् (aśrauṣam) - I heard

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, aorist (luṅ) of śru

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Aorist form from √śru

व्यूहम् (vyūham) - battle formation (battle array, formation, disposition)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vyūha

vyūha - battle array, military formation, disposition, arrangement

Prefix: vi

Root: ūh (class 1)

अभेद्यम् (abhedyam) - impenetrable, invincible (impenetrable, indivisible, invulnerable)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of abhedya

abhedya - impenetrable, indivisible, not to be broken

future passive participle (gerundive)

from a + √bhid (to break) + ya

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+bhedya)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• bhedya – to be broken, divisible
  participle (masculine)
  future passive participle (gerundive)
  from √bhid
  Root: bhid (class 7)

Note: Agrees with vyūham

अन्यैः (anyaiḥ) - by other warriors (by others, by other people)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of anya

anya - other, another, different

भारद्वाजेन (bhāradvājena) - by Droṇa (by the descendant of Bharadvāja (Droṇa))

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bhāradvāja

bhāradvāja - descendant of Bharadvāja (e.g., Droṇa)

derived from Bharadvāja

आत्तशस्त्रेण (āttaśastreṇa) - by one who was armed (referring to Droṇa) (by one who has taken up weapons, by one who is armed)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of āttaśastra

āttaśastra - having taken up weapons, armed

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (ātta+śastra)

• ātta – taken, seized, received
  participle (masculine)
  past passive participle
  from ā-√dā
  Prefix: ā
  Root: dā (class 3)
• śastra – weapon, arm
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with bhāradvājena

गुप्तम् (guptam) - guarded, protected (protected, guarded, concealed)

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of gupta

gupta - protected, guarded, hidden, concealed

past passive participle

from √gup (to protect)

Root: gup (class 1)

Note: Agrees with vyūham

भित्त्वा (bhittvā) - having pierced (the formation) (having pierced, having split)

(indeclinable)

gerund

absolutive from √bhid

Root: bhid (class 7)

सौभद्रम् (saubhadram) - Abhimanyu, the son of Subhadrā (son of Subhadrā (Abhimanyu))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of saubhadra

saubhadra - son of Subhadrā (Abhimanyu), good, auspicious

derived from Subhadrā

वीरम् (vīram) - the valiant one, hero (hero, brave, valiant)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vīra

vīra - hero, brave, valiant, warrior

Note: Agrees with saubhadram

एकम् (ekam) - single-handedly, alone (one, alone, single)

(numeral)

Note: Agrees with saubhadram and vīram

प्रविष्टम् (praviṣṭam) - entered (the formation) (entered, gone into)

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of praviṣṭa

praviṣṭa - entered, gone into, approached

past passive participle

from pra-√viś (to enter)

Prefix: pra

Root: viś (class 6)

Note: Agrees with saubhadram, vīram, ekam

तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

आशंसे (āśaṁse) - I hoped for (victory) (I hope for, I expect)

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of ā-śaṃs

Prefix: ā

Root: śaṃs (class 1)

Note: Often used with 'na' to mean 'to despair' or 'lose hope'. Context implies past tense due to 'yadā...tadā'

विजयाय (vijayāya) - for victory

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of vijaya

vijaya - victory, triumph, conquest

संजय (saṁjaya) - O Sañjaya!

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Sañjaya (name of Dhṛtarāṣṭra's charioteer), victory