महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-1, verse-135

यदाश्रौषं सैन्धवार्थे प्रतिज्ञां प्रतिज्ञातां तद्वधायार्जुनेन ।
सत्यां निस्तीर्णां शत्रुमध्ये च तेन तदा नाशंसे विजयाय संजय ॥१३५॥

135. yadāśrauṣaṁ saindhavārthe pratijñāṁ; pratijñātāṁ tadvadhāyārjunena ,
satyāṁ nistīrṇāṁ śatrumadhye ca tena; tadā nāśaṁse vijayāya saṁjaya.

135. yadā aśrauṣam saindhavārthe pratijñām
pratijñātām tadvadhāya arjunena
satyām nistīrṇām śatrumadhye ca
tena tadā na āśaṃse vijayāya saṃjaya

135. O Sañjaya, when I heard that the vow made by Arjuna to kill Jayadratha had truly been fulfilled by him in the midst of his enemies, then I lost all hope for victory.

Words meanings summery:

• यदा (yadā) - when (when, at which time)

• अश्रौषम् (aśrauṣam) - I heard

• सैन्धवार्थे (saindhavārthe) - concerning Jayadratha (regarding Jayadratha, for the sake of Jayadratha)

• प्रतिज्ञाम् (pratijñām) - the vow (vow, promise)

• प्रतिज्ञाताम् (pratijñātām) - made, uttered (vowed, promised)

• तद्वधाय (tadvadhāya) - for his (Jayadratha's) slaying (for his killing, for his destruction)

• अर्जुनेन (arjunena) - by Arjuna

• सत्याम् (satyām) - truly (fulfilled) (true, real, fulfilled)

• निस्तीर्णाम् (nistīrṇām) - fulfilled, carried out (crossed, overcome, fulfilled)

• शत्रुमध्ये (śatrumadhye) - in the midst of the enemies (in the midst of enemies)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• तेन (tena) - by him (Arjuna) (by him, by that)

• तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• आशंसे (āśaṁse) - I hoped (for victory) (I hope, I expect)

• विजयाय (vijayāya) - for victory

• संजय (saṁjaya) - O Sañjaya (O Sañjaya (proper name))

Words meanings and morphology

यदा (yadā) - when (when, at which time)

(indeclinable)

अश्रौषम् (aśrauṣam) - I heard

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, aorist (luṅ) of śru

Root: śru (class 5)

सैन्धवार्थे (saindhavārthe) - concerning Jayadratha (regarding Jayadratha, for the sake of Jayadratha)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of saindhavārtha

saindhavārtha - matter concerning Jayadratha, for the sake of Jayadratha

compound noun

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (saindhava+artha)

• saindhava – Jayadratha, relating to Sindhu
  noun (masculine)
• artha – purpose, meaning, sake, wealth
  noun (masculine)

प्रतिज्ञाम् (pratijñām) - the vow (vow, promise)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of pratijñā

pratijñā - vow, promise, agreement, assertion

action noun

prati + jñā + a (aṅ)

Root: jñā (class 9)

प्रतिज्ञाताम् (pratijñātām) - made, uttered (vowed, promised)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of pratijñāta

pratijñāta - vowed, promised, acknowledged

past participle

prati + jñā + kta

Prefix: prati

Root: jñā (class 9)

तद्वधाय (tadvadhāya) - for his (Jayadratha's) slaying (for his killing, for his destruction)

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of tadvadha

tadvadha - his killing, his destruction

compound noun

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tad+vadha)

• tad – that, his (here as pronoun)
  pronoun (neuter)
• vadha – killing, slaying, destruction
  noun (masculine)
  action noun
  root vadh + a
  Root: vadh (class 1)

अर्जुनेन (arjunena) - by Arjuna

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - Arjuna (proper name), white, clear

सत्याम् (satyām) - truly (fulfilled) (true, real, fulfilled)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of satya

satya - true, real, truthful, existing

Note: modifies pratijñām

निस्तीर्णाम् (nistīrṇām) - fulfilled, carried out (crossed, overcome, fulfilled)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of nistīrṇa

nistīrṇa - crossed over, accomplished, fulfilled

past participle

nis + root tṛ + kta

Prefix: nis

Root: tṛ (class 1)

Note: modifies pratijñām

शत्रुमध्ये (śatrumadhye) - in the midst of the enemies (in the midst of enemies)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of śatrumadhya

śatrumadhya - midst of enemies

compound noun

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śatru+madhya)

• śatru – enemy, foe
  noun (masculine)
• madhya – middle, centre, midst
  noun (neuter)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

तेन (tena) - by him (Arjuna) (by him, by that)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

आशंसे (āśaṁse) - I hoped (for victory) (I hope, I expect)

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of āśaṃs

Prefix: ā

Root: śaṃs (class 1)

Note: ātmanepada verb

विजयाय (vijayāya) - for victory

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of vijaya

vijaya - victory, conquest, triumph

action noun

vi + ji + a (ghañ)

Root: ji (class 1)

संजय (saṁjaya) - O Sañjaya (O Sañjaya (proper name))

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Saṃjaya (proper name), victory, complete conquest