महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-1, verse-127

यदाश्रौषं शरतल्पे शयानं वृद्धं वीरं सादितं चित्रपुङ्खैः ।
भीष्मं कृत्वा सोमकानल्पशेषांस्तदा नाशंसे विजयाय संजय ॥१२७॥

127. yadāśrauṣaṁ śaratalpe śayānaṁ; vṛddhaṁ vīraṁ sāditaṁ citrapuṅkhaiḥ ,
bhīṣmaṁ kṛtvā somakānalpaśeṣāṁ;stadā nāśaṁse vijayāya saṁjaya.

127. yadā aśrauṣam śaratatpalpe śayānam
vṛddham vīram sāditam citrapuṅkhaiḥ
bhīṣmam kṛtvā somakān alpaśeṣān
tadā na āśaṃse vijayāya sañjaya

127. O Sañjaya, when I heard that the aged hero Bhīṣma was lying on a bed of arrows, struck down by well-feathered shafts, after he had reduced the Somakas to a mere few, then I no longer hoped for victory.

Words meanings summery:

• यदा (yadā) - when, at which time

• अश्रौषम् (aśrauṣam) - I heard

• शरतत्पल्पे (śaratatpalpe) - a metaphor for a warrior's fatal resting place, made by arrows (on a bed of arrows)

• शयानम् (śayānam) - lying wounded or fallen (lying, resting, sleeping)

• वृद्धम् (vṛddham) - the venerable and elderly hero (old, aged)

• वीरम् (vīram) - hero, brave man

• सादितम् (sāditam) - overwhelmed and brought down by force (struck down, vanquished, caused to sink)

• चित्रपुङ्खैः (citrapuṅkhaiḥ) - by arrows with distinctive or well-crafted fletching, implying skill (by variegated-feathered arrows)

• भीष्मम् (bhīṣmam) - Bhīṣma

• कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - after reducing (the Somakas) (having made, having done)

• सोमकान् (somakān) - a division of the Pañcālas, prominent opponents of the Kurus (the Somakas (a tribe/clan))

• अल्पशेषान् (alpaśeṣān) - having decimated their numbers significantly (few remaining, with few left)

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• न (na) - not, no

• आशंसे (āśaṁse) - I hope, I expect

• विजयाय (vijayāya) - for victory

• सञ्जय (sañjaya) - O Sañjaya

Words meanings and morphology

यदा (yadā) - when, at which time

(indeclinable)

अश्रौषम् (aśrauṣam) - I heard

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, aorist (luṅ) of śru

Root: śru (class 5)

शरतत्पल्पे (śaratatpalpe) - a metaphor for a warrior's fatal resting place, made by arrows (on a bed of arrows)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of śaratatpalpa

śaratatpalpa - bed of arrows

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (śara+talpa)

• śara – arrow
  noun (masculine)
• talpa – bed, couch, seat
  noun (masculine)

शयानम् (śayānam) - lying wounded or fallen (lying, resting, sleeping)

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śayamāna

śayamāna - lying, sleeping, resting

present participle (middle)

derived from √śī (to lie down, sleep)

Root: śī (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'bhīṣmam'.

वृद्धम् (vṛddham) - the venerable and elderly hero (old, aged)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vṛddha

vṛddha - old, aged, grown, increased

past participle

derived from √vṛdh (to grow)

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'bhīṣmam'.

वीरम् (vīram) - hero, brave man

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vīra

vīra - hero, brave man, warrior

Note: Agrees with 'bhīṣmam'.

सादितम् (sāditam) - overwhelmed and brought down by force (struck down, vanquished, caused to sink)

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sādita

sādita - made to sink, struck down, vanquished, distressed

past participle (causative)

derived from causative of √sad (to sink, sit down)

Root: sad (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'bhīṣmam'.

चित्रपुङ्खैः (citrapuṅkhaiḥ) - by arrows with distinctive or well-crafted fletching, implying skill (by variegated-feathered arrows)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of citrapuṅkha

citrapuṅkha - having variegated feathers, well-feathered

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (citra+puṅkha)

• citra – variegated, diverse, wonderful, excellent
  adjective
• puṅkha – feather (of an arrow), feathered part of an arrow
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to the arrows by which Bhīṣma was struck.

भीष्मम् (bhīṣmam) - Bhīṣma

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhīṣma (name of a Kuru hero); terrible, formidable

कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - after reducing (the Somakas) (having made, having done)

(indeclinable)

absolutive

derived from √kṛ (to do, make)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

सोमकान् (somakān) - a division of the Pañcālas, prominent opponents of the Kurus (the Somakas (a tribe/clan))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of somaka

somaka - a member of a particular warrior tribe, often associated with the Pañcālas

अल्पशेषान् (alpaśeṣān) - having decimated their numbers significantly (few remaining, with few left)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of alpaśeṣa

alpaśeṣa - with few remaining, having little left

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (alpa+śeṣa)

• alpa – little, small, few
  adjective
• śeṣa – remainder, residue, balance
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'somakān'.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

आशंसे (āśaṁse) - I hope, I expect

(verb)

1st person , singular, ātmanepada, present (laṭ) of āśaṃs

Prefix: ā

Root: śaṃs (class 1)

विजयाय (vijayāya) - for victory

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of vijaya

vijaya - victory, triumph, conquest

action noun

derived from vi-√ji

Prefix: vi

Root: ji (class 1)

सञ्जय (sañjaya) - O Sañjaya

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of sañjaya

sañjaya - Sañjaya (name of Dhṛtarāṣṭra's charioteer); victory, triumphant

Prefix: sam

Root: ji (class 1)