महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-1, verse-137

यदाश्रौषं वाहनेष्वाश्वसत्सु रथोपस्थे तिष्ठता गाण्डिवेन ।
सर्वान्योधान्वारितानर्जुनेन तदा नाशंसे विजयाय संजय ॥१३७॥

137. yadāśrauṣaṁ vāhaneṣvāśvasatsu; rathopasthe tiṣṭhatā gāṇḍivena ,
sarvānyodhānvāritānarjunena; tadā nāśaṁse vijayāya saṁjaya.

137. yadā aśrauṣam vāhaneṣu āśvasatsu
rathopasthe tiṣṭhatā gāṇḍivena
sarvān yodhān vāritān arjunena
tadā na āśaṃse vijayāya saṃjaya

137. O Sañjaya, when I heard that all the warriors were stopped by Arjuna, who was standing on the chariot platform with his Gaṇḍīva bow while his horses were recuperating, then I lost all hope for victory.

Words meanings summery:

• यदा (yadā) - when (when, at which time)

• अश्रौषम् (aśrauṣam) - I heard

• वाहनेषु (vāhaneṣu) - on the horses (of the chariot) (in/on the vehicles, on the horses)

• आश्वसत्सु (āśvasatsu) - recuperating, regaining strength (resting, recovering breath, regaining strength)

• रथोपस्थे (rathopasthe) - on the chariot platform (on the chariot seat/platform)

• तिष्ठता (tiṣṭhatā) - standing (Arjuna was standing) (standing, remaining)

• गाण्डिवेन (gāṇḍivena) - with his Gaṇḍīva (bow) (by/with Gaṇḍīva (bow))

• सर्वान् (sarvān) - all (all (acc. pl.))

• योधान् (yodhān) - the warriors (warriors, fighters)

• वारितान् (vāritān) - stopped, held back (stopped, prevented, restrained)

• अर्जुनेन (arjunena) - by Arjuna

• तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• आशंसे (āśaṁse) - I hoped (for victory) (I hope, I expect)

• विजयाय (vijayāya) - for victory

• संजय (saṁjaya) - O Sañjaya (O Sañjaya (proper name))

Words meanings and morphology

यदा (yadā) - when (when, at which time)

(indeclinable)

अश्रौषम् (aśrauṣam) - I heard

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, aorist (luṅ) of śru

Root: śru (class 5)

वाहनेषु (vāhaneṣu) - on the horses (of the chariot) (in/on the vehicles, on the horses)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of vāhana

vāhana - vehicle, conveyance, horse, mount

action noun

root vah + ana

Root: vah (class 1)

आश्वसत्सु (āśvasatsu) - recuperating, regaining strength (resting, recovering breath, regaining strength)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, plural of āśvasat

āśvasat - resting, recovering breath, confident

present participle

ā + śvas + śatṛ

Prefix: ā

Root: śvas (class 2)

रथोपस्थे (rathopasthe) - on the chariot platform (on the chariot seat/platform)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of rathopastha

rathopastha - chariot seat, platform of a chariot

compound noun

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ratha+upastha)

• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ramh (class 1)
• upastha – lap, seat, platform, proximity
  noun (masculine)
  upa + sthā + a
  Root: sthā (class 1)

तिष्ठता (tiṣṭhatā) - standing (Arjuna was standing) (standing, remaining)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tiṣṭhat

tiṣṭhat - standing, remaining, existing

present participle

root sthā (present stem tiṣṭha) + śatṛ

Root: sthā (class 1)

गाण्डिवेन (gāṇḍivena) - with his Gaṇḍīva (bow) (by/with Gaṇḍīva (bow))

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of gāṇḍiva

gāṇḍiva - Gaṇḍīva (Arjuna's bow)

proper noun

सर्वान् (sarvān) - all (all (acc. pl.))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

योधान् (yodhān) - the warriors (warriors, fighters)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of yodha

yodha - warrior, fighter, soldier

agent noun

root yudh + a (ac)

Root: yudh (class 4)

वारितान् (vāritān) - stopped, held back (stopped, prevented, restrained)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of vārita

vārita - stopped, prevented, restrained, forbidden

past participle (causative)

causative of root vṛ + kta

Root: vṛ (class 9)

Note: modifies yodhān

अर्जुनेन (arjunena) - by Arjuna

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - Arjuna (proper name), white, clear

तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

आशंसे (āśaṁse) - I hoped (for victory) (I hope, I expect)

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of āśaṃs

Prefix: ā

Root: śaṃs (class 1)

Note: ātmanepada verb

विजयाय (vijayāya) - for victory

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of vijaya

vijaya - victory, conquest, triumph

action noun

vi + ji + a (ghañ)

Root: ji (class 1)

संजय (saṁjaya) - O Sañjaya (O Sañjaya (proper name))

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Saṃjaya (proper name), victory, complete conquest