महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-1, verse-130

यदा द्रोणो विविधानस्त्रमार्गान्विदर्शयन्समरे चित्रयोधी ।
न पाण्डवाञ्श्रेष्ठतमान्निहन्ति तदा नाशंसे विजयाय संजय ॥१३०॥

130. yadā droṇo vividhānastramārgā;nvidarśayansamare citrayodhī ,
na pāṇḍavāñśreṣṭhatamānnihanti; tadā nāśaṁse vijayāya saṁjaya.

130. yadā droṇaḥ vividhān astramārgān
vidarśayan samare citrayodhī
na pāṇḍavān śreṣṭhatamān nihanti
tadā na āśaṃse vijayāya saṃjaya

130. When I heard that Droṇa, a marvelous warrior who displayed various methods of weaponcraft in battle, still did not slay the most excellent Pāṇḍavas, then, Sañjaya, I lost all hope for victory.

Words meanings summery:

• यदा (yadā) - when (when, at which time)

• द्रोणः (droṇaḥ) - Droṇa (the Kuru preceptor) (Droṇa (name of a preceptor))

• विविधान् (vividhān) - various (various, manifold, diverse)

• अस्त्रमार्गान् (astramārgān) - methods of weaponcraft (paths of weapons, ways of using weapons)

• विदर्शयन् (vidarśayan) - displaying, demonstrating (displaying, showing, exhibiting)

• समरे (samare) - in battle (in battle, in war)

• चित्रयोधी (citrayodhī) - a marvelous warrior (implying unique, impressive combat) (fighting skillfully, a wonderful warrior, fighting strangely)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• पाण्डवान् (pāṇḍavān) - the Pāṇḍavas

• श्रेष्ठतमान् (śreṣṭhatamān) - the most excellent (warriors) (the most excellent, the best)

• निहन्ति (nihanti) - slays, kills (kills, strikes down, destroys)

• तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• आशंसे (āśaṁse) - I hoped for (victory) (I hope for, I expect)

• विजयाय (vijayāya) - for victory

• संजय (saṁjaya) - O Sañjaya!

Words meanings and morphology

यदा (yadā) - when (when, at which time)

(indeclinable)

द्रोणः (droṇaḥ) - Droṇa (the Kuru preceptor) (Droṇa (name of a preceptor))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Droṇa (name of the preceptor of Kauravas and Pāṇḍavas), a measure, a kind of vessel

विविधान् (vividhān) - various (various, manifold, diverse)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of vividha

vividha - various, diverse, manifold, of many kinds

Note: Agrees with astramārgān

अस्त्रमार्गान् (astramārgān) - methods of weaponcraft (paths of weapons, ways of using weapons)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of astramārga

astramārga - path of weapons, way of archery, science of arms

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (astra+mārga)

• astra – weapon, missile
  noun (neuter)
  Root: as (class 4)
• mārga – path, road, way, method
  noun (masculine)
  Root: mṛj (class 2)

विदर्शयन् (vidarśayan) - displaying, demonstrating (displaying, showing, exhibiting)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vi-darśayan

dṛś - to see, perceive

present participle (causative)

causative from √dṛś

Prefix: vi

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Agrees with droṇaḥ

समरे (samare) - in battle (in battle, in war)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samara

samara - battle, war, combat

चित्रयोधी (citrayodhī) - a marvelous warrior (implying unique, impressive combat) (fighting skillfully, a wonderful warrior, fighting strangely)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of citrayodhin

citrayodhin - fighting skillfully, wonderful warrior, fighting strangely

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (citra+yodhin)

• citra – various, manifold, wonderful, clear, bright
  adjective (neuter)
• yodhin – fighter, warrior
  noun (masculine)
  agent noun
  from √yudh
  Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Agrees with droṇaḥ

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

पाण्डवान् (pāṇḍavān) - the Pāṇḍavas

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu, the Pāṇḍavas

derived from Pāṇḍu

श्रेष्ठतमान् (śreṣṭhatamān) - the most excellent (warriors) (the most excellent, the best)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of śreṣṭhatama

śreṣṭhatama - most excellent, best, supreme

superlative degree of śreṣṭha (excellent)

Note: Agrees with pāṇḍavān

निहन्ति (nihanti) - slays, kills (kills, strikes down, destroys)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of ni-han

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

आशंसे (āśaṁse) - I hoped for (victory) (I hope for, I expect)

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of ā-śaṃs

Prefix: ā

Root: śaṃs (class 1)

Note: Often used with 'na' to mean 'to despair' or 'lose hope'. Context implies past tense due to 'yadā...tadā'

विजयाय (vijayāya) - for victory

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of vijaya

vijaya - victory, triumph, conquest

संजय (saṁjaya) - O Sañjaya!

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Sañjaya (name of Dhṛtarāṣṭra's charioteer), victory