महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-1, verse-153

यदाश्रौषं द्रोणपुत्रादिभिस्तैर्हतान्पाञ्चालान्द्रौपदेयांश्च सुप्तान् ।
कृतं बीभत्समयशस्यं च कर्म तदा नाशंसे विजयाय संजय ॥१५३॥

153. yadāśrauṣaṁ droṇaputrādibhistai;rhatānpāñcālāndraupadeyāṁśca suptān ,
kṛtaṁ bībhatsamayaśasyaṁ ca karma; tadā nāśaṁse vijayāya saṁjaya.

153. yadā aśrauṣam droṇaputrādibhiḥ taiḥ
hatān pāñcālān draupadeyān ca suptān
| kṛtam bībhatsam ayaśasyam ca
karma tadā na āśaṃse vijayāya saṃjaya

153. When I heard, O Saṃjaya, that the Pāñcālas and Draupadī's sons had been killed in their sleep by those led by Droṇa's son, and that such a heinous and infamous act had been committed, then I no longer hoped for victory.

153. כאשר שמעתי שבני פָּאנְצ׳ָאלַה ובני דְרַאוּפַּדִי נהרגו בשנתם בידי בן דְרוֹנַה ואחרים, ושנעשה מעשה מחריד וחסר כבוד, אז, הו סַנְג׳ַיַה, איבדתי כל תקווה לניצחון.

Words meanings summery:

• यदा (yadā) - when

• अश्रौषम् (aśrauṣam) - I heard

• द्रोणपुत्रादिभिः (droṇaputrādibhiḥ) - by those headed by Droṇa's son

• तैः (taiḥ) - by those

• हतान् (hatān) - killed, slain

• पाञ्चालान् (pāñcālān) - the Pāñcālas (people of Pañcāla)

• द्रौपदेयान् (draupadeyān) - the sons of Draupadī

• च (ca) - and

• सुप्तान् (suptān) - while sleeping (sleeping)

• कृतम् (kṛtam) - done, performed

• बीभत्सम् (bībhatsam) - heinous (horrible, disgusting, odious)

• अयशस्यम् (ayaśasyam) - infamous, ignominious

• च (ca) - and

• कर्म (karma) - deed, action

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• न (na) - not

• आशंसे (āśaṁse) - I hope for, I expect

• विजयाय (vijayāya) - for victory

• संजय (saṁjaya) - O Saṃjaya

Words meanings and morphology

यदा (yadā) - when

(indeclinable)

अश्रौषम् (aśrauṣam) - I heard

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, past perfect (luṅ) of śru

Root: śru (class 5)

द्रोणपुत्रादिभिः (droṇaputrādibhiḥ) - by those headed by Droṇa's son

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of droṇaputrādi

droṇaputrādi - Droṇa's son and others, those headed by Droṇa's son

compound, ends in 'ādi'

Compound type : bahuvrīhi/tatpuruṣa (droṇaputra+ādi)

• droṇaputra – son of Droṇa (Aśvatthāmā)
  noun (masculine)
  tatpuruṣa compound
• ādi – beginning, et cetera, and others
  indeclinable (masculine)

तैः (taiḥ) - by those

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

हतान् (hatān) - killed, slain

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of hata

hata - killed, slain, struck

past passive participle

from root han (to strike, kill)

Root: han (class 2)

पाञ्चालान् (pāñcālān) - the Pāñcālas (people of Pañcāla)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pāñcāla

pāñcāla - a king of the Pañcālas, people of the Pañcāla country

refers to the Pañcāla warriors/kings

द्रौपदेयान् (draupadeyān) - the sons of Draupadī

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of draupadeya

draupadeya - son of Draupadī

derived from Draupadī

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

सुप्तान् (suptān) - while sleeping (sleeping)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of supta

supta - asleep, sleeping, slept

past passive participle

from root svap (to sleep)

Root: svap (class 2)

कृतम् (kṛtam) - done, performed

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kṛta

kṛta - done, made, performed

past passive participle

from root kṛ (to do, make)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

बीभत्सम् (bībhatsam) - heinous (horrible, disgusting, odious)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bībhatsa

bībhatsa - disgusting, horrible, odious, loathsome

अयशस्यम् (ayaśasyam) - infamous, ignominious

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ayaśasya

ayaśasya - disreputable, ignominious, inglorious

compound: a (negation) + yaśasya (favorable to fame)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+yaśasya)

• a – not, un-, in-
  indeclinable
• yaśasya – conducive to fame, famous
  adjective (neuter)
  derived from yaśas (fame)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

कर्म (karma) - deed, action

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of karman

karman - action, deed, work, ritual

Root: kṛ (class 8)

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

आशंसे (āśaṁse) - I hope for, I expect

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of śaṃs

Prefix: ā

Root: śaṃs (class 1)

विजयाय (vijayāya) - for victory

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of vijaya

vijaya - victory, triumph, conquest

from root ji (to conquer) with prefix vi

Prefix: vi

Root: ji (class 1)

संजय (saṁjaya) - O Saṃjaya

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Saṃjaya (personal name), victory, triumphant

from root ji (to conquer) with prefix sam

Prefix: sam

Root: ji (class 1)

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