महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-1, verse-147

यदाश्रौषं द्रोणपुत्रं कृपं च दुःशासनं कृतवर्माणमुग्रम् ।
युधिष्ठिरं शून्यमधर्षयन्तं तदा नाशंसे विजयाय संजय ॥१४७॥

147. yadāśrauṣaṁ droṇaputraṁ kṛpaṁ ca; duḥśāsanaṁ kṛtavarmāṇamugram ,
yudhiṣṭhiraṁ śūnyamadharṣayantaṁ; tadā nāśaṁse vijayāya saṁjaya.

147. yadā aśrauṣam droṇaputram kṛpam
ca duḥśāsanam kṛtavarmāṇam ugram
yudhiṣṭhiram śūnyam adharṣayantam
tadā na āśaṃse vijayāya saṃjaya

147. When I heard that Drona's son, Kripa, Duhshasana, and the formidable Kritavarma were assailing Yudhishthira, who was alone and unprotected, then, O Sanjaya, I gave up all hope for victory.

Words meanings summery:

• यदा (yadā) - when

• अश्रौषम् (aśrauṣam) - I heard

• द्रोणपुत्रम् (droṇaputram) - Drona's son (Ashvatthama) (son of Drona)

• कृपम् (kṛpam) - Kripa

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• दुःशासनम् (duḥśāsanam) - Duhshasana

• कृतवर्माणम् (kṛtavarmāṇam) - Kritavarma

• उग्रम् (ugram) - formidable (fierce, terrible, formidable)

• युधिष्ठिरम् (yudhiṣṭhiram) - Yudhishthira

• शून्यम् (śūnyam) - alone, unprotected (empty, void, alone, unprotected)

• अधर्षयन्तम् (adharṣayantam) - assailing, attacking (assailing, attacking, conquering)

• तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

• न (na) - not

• आशंसे (āśaṁse) - I hope (for) (I hope, I expect)

• विजयाय (vijayāya) - for victory

• संजय (saṁjaya) - O Sanjaya

Words meanings and morphology

यदा (yadā) - when

(indeclinable)

अश्रौषम् (aśrauṣam) - I heard

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, past perfect (luṅ) of śru

root

Root: śru (class 5)

द्रोणपुत्रम् (droṇaputram) - Drona's son (Ashvatthama) (son of Drona)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of droṇaputra

droṇaputra - son of Drona

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (droṇa+putra)

• droṇa – Drona (proper name)
  noun (masculine)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to Ashvatthama.

कृपम् (kṛpam) - Kripa

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kṛpa

kṛpa - Kripa (proper name)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

दुःशासनम् (duḥśāsanam) - Duhshasana

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of duḥśāsana

duḥśāsana - Duhshasana (proper name)

कृतवर्माणम् (kṛtavarmāṇam) - Kritavarma

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kṛtavarman

kṛtavarman - Kritavarma (proper name)

उग्रम् (ugram) - formidable (fierce, terrible, formidable)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ugra

ugra - fierce, terrible, formidable, powerful

Note: Modifies kṛtavarmāṇam.

युधिष्ठिरम् (yudhiṣṭhiram) - Yudhishthira

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhishthira (proper name)

शून्यम् (śūnyam) - alone, unprotected (empty, void, alone, unprotected)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śūnya

śūnya - empty, void, deserted, alone, unprotected

Note: Modifies Yudhishthira.

अधर्षयन्तम् (adharṣayantam) - assailing, attacking (assailing, attacking, conquering)

(nominal form)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dhṛṣ

dhṛṣ - to be bold, to dare, to overcome

present participle (causative)

Present participle of the causative form dharṣayati from dhṛṣ with prefix a (towards, upon).

Prefix: a

Root: dhṛṣ (class 5)

Note: Referring to the action of the group (Dronaputra etc.) upon Yudhishthira.

तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

आशंसे (āśaṁse) - I hope (for) (I hope, I expect)

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of śaṃs

Root śaṃs with prefix ā (to hope for)

Prefix: ā

Root: śaṃs (class 1)

विजयाय (vijayāya) - for victory

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of vijaya

vijaya - victory, triumph, conquest

संजय (saṁjaya) - O Sanjaya

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Sanjaya (proper name)