महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-1, verse-103

यदाश्रौषं द्वारकायां सुभद्रां प्रसह्योढां माधवीमर्जुनेन ।
इन्द्रप्रस्थं वृष्णिवीरौ च यातौ तदा नाशंसे विजयाय संजय ॥१०३॥

103. yadāśrauṣaṁ dvārakāyāṁ subhadrāṁ; prasahyoḍhāṁ mādhavīmarjunena ,
indraprasthaṁ vṛṣṇivīrau ca yātau; tadā nāśaṁse vijayāya saṁjaya.

103. yadā aśrauṣam dvārakāyām subhadrām
prasahya ūḍhām mādhavīm arjunena
indraprastham vṛṣṇivīrau ca yātau
tadā na āśaṃse vijayāya saṃjaya

103. O Sanjaya, when I heard that Subhadrā, the daughter of Madhu, was forcibly carried away by Arjuna from Dvārakā, and that the two Vṛṣṇi heroes (Krishna and Arjuna) had departed for Indraprastha, then I lost hope for victory.

Words meanings summery:

• यदा (yadā) - when (when, at what time)

• अश्रौषम् (aśrauṣam) - I heard

• द्वारकायाम् (dvārakāyām) - in Dvārakā

• सुभद्राम् (subhadrām) - Subhadrā (Subhadrā (a name))

• प्रसह्य (prasahya) - forcibly (forcibly, by force)

• ऊढाम् (ūḍhām) - carried away, married (carried, conveyed, married)

• माधवीम् (mādhavīm) - the daughter of Madhu (i.e. Subhadrā) (daughter of Madhu, a female descendant of Madhu)

• अर्जुनेन (arjunena) - by Arjuna

• इन्द्रप्रस्थम् (indraprastham) - to Indraprastha

• वृष्णिवीरौ (vṛṣṇivīrau) - the two Vṛṣṇi heroes (Krishna and Arjuna) (the two Vṛṣṇi heroes)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• यातौ (yātau) - had departed (gone, departed, arrived)

• तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• आशंसे (āśaṁse) - I lost hope (I hope, I wish)

• विजयाय (vijayāya) - for victory

• संजय (saṁjaya) - O Sanjaya

Words meanings and morphology

यदा (yadā) - when (when, at what time)

(indeclinable)

अश्रौषम् (aśrauṣam) - I heard

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, aorist (luṅ) of śru

Root: śru (class 5)

द्वारकायाम् (dvārakāyām) - in Dvārakā

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of dvārakā

dvārakā - Dvārakā (name of a city)

सुभद्राम् (subhadrām) - Subhadrā (Subhadrā (a name))

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of subhadrā

subhadrā - Subhadrā (sister of Krishna, wife of Arjuna)

Literally 'very auspicious'.

प्रसह्य (prasahya) - forcibly (forcibly, by force)

(indeclinable)

Prefix: pra

Root: sah (class 1)

ऊढाम् (ūḍhām) - carried away, married (carried, conveyed, married)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of ūḍha

ūḍha - carried, borne, married, led

past passive participle

Derived from root vah- (to carry, lead)

Root: vah (class 1)

Note: Agrees with Subhadrām and Mādhavīm.

माधवीम् (mādhavīm) - the daughter of Madhu (i.e. Subhadrā) (daughter of Madhu, a female descendant of Madhu)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of mādhavī

mādhavī - female descendant of Madhu; a name for Lakshmi; a specific plant

Derived from Madhu (an ancestor of Krishna's family).

Note: Agrees with Subhadrām.

अर्जुनेन (arjunena) - by Arjuna

(noun)

masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - Arjuna (one of the Pandavas); white, silver

इन्द्रप्रस्थम् (indraprastham) - to Indraprastha

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of indraprastha

indraprastha - Indraprastha (capital city of the Pandavas)

Compound type : tatpurusha (indra+prastha)

• indra – Indra (king of gods)
  noun (masculine)
• prastha – level ground, tableland, city
  noun (neuter)

वृष्णिवीरौ (vṛṣṇivīrau) - the two Vṛṣṇi heroes (Krishna and Arjuna) (the two Vṛṣṇi heroes)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of vṛṣṇivīra

vṛṣṇivīra - hero of the Vṛṣṇis

Compound type : tatpurusha (vṛṣṇi+vīra)

• vṛṣṇi – Vṛṣṇi (name of a Yadava clan)
  noun (masculine)
• vīra – hero, brave man, warrior
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to Krishna and Arjuna.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

यातौ (yātau) - had departed (gone, departed, arrived)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of yāta

yāta - gone, departed, arrived, passed

past passive participle

Derived from root yā- (to go)

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Agrees with vṛṣṇivīrau.

तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

आशंसे (āśaṁse) - I lost hope (I hope, I wish)

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of ā-śaṃs

Prefix: ā

Root: śaṃs (class 1)

Note: With 'na', it means 'I do not hope'.

विजयाय (vijayāya) - for victory

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of vijaya

vijaya - victory, triumph, conquest

action noun

Derived from root ji- (to conquer) with prefix vi-

Prefix: vi

Root: ji (class 1)

संजय (saṁjaya) - O Sanjaya

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Sanjaya (name of Dhritarashtra's charioteer)