महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-1, verse-157

शोच्या गान्धारी पुत्रपौत्रैर्विहीना तथा वध्वः पितृभिर्भ्रातृभिश्च ।
कृतं कार्यं दुष्करं पाण्डवेयैः प्राप्तं राज्यमसपत्नं पुनस्तैः ॥१५७॥

157. śocyā gāndhārī putrapautrairvihīnā; tathā vadhvaḥ pitṛbhirbhrātṛbhiśca ,
kṛtaṁ kāryaṁ duṣkaraṁ pāṇḍaveyaiḥ; prāptaṁ rājyamasapatnaṁ punastaiḥ.

157. śocyā gāndhārī putrapautraiḥ vihīnā
tathā vadhvaḥ pitṛbhiḥ bhrātṛbhiḥ ca
| kṛtam kāryam duṣkaram pāṇḍaveyaiḥ
prāptam rājyam asapatnam punaḥ taiḥ

157. Gāndhārī is indeed pitiable, deprived of her sons and grandsons, and similarly, the daughters-in-law are deprived of their fathers and brothers. A most difficult task was accomplished by the Pāṇḍavas, and by them, the unrivaled kingdom was obtained once again.

157. גָאנְדְהָארִי ראויה לרחמים, משום שנותרה בלי בנים ובלי נכדים, וכך גם הכלות שנותרו בלי אבות ובלי אחים. הפָּאנְדַוַה עשו מעשה קשה, והשיגו שוב ממלכה שאין בה יריבים.

Words meanings summery:

• शोच्या (śocyā) - pitiable, lamentable

• गान्धारी (gāndhārī) - Gāndhārī

• पुत्रपौत्रैः (putrapautraiḥ) - by sons and grandsons

• विहीना (vihīnā) - bereft, deprived of

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, likewise

• वध्वः (vadhvaḥ) - daughters-in-law, brides

• पितृभिः (pitṛbhiḥ) - by fathers

• भ्रातृभिः (bhrātṛbhiḥ) - by brothers

• च (ca) - and

• कृतम् (kṛtam) - done, accomplished

• कार्यम् (kāryam) - task, duty, deed (to be done)

• दुष्करम् (duṣkaram) - difficult to do, arduous

• पाण्डवेयैः (pāṇḍaveyaiḥ) - by the Pāṇḍavas

• प्राप्तम् (prāptam) - obtained, achieved

• राज्यम् (rājyam) - kingdom, sovereignty

• असपत्नम् (asapatnam) - unrivaled, without rivals

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, once more

• तैः (taiḥ) - by them (the Pāṇḍavas) (by them)

Words meanings and morphology

शोच्या (śocyā) - pitiable, lamentable

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of śocya

śocya - to be grieved for, pitiable, lamentable

gerundive/passive future participle

from root śuc (to grieve)

Root: śuc (class 1)

गान्धारी (gāndhārī) - Gāndhārī

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of gāndhārī

gāndhārī - Gāndhārī (wife of Dhṛtarāṣṭra, mother of the Kauravas)

feminine noun

पुत्रपौत्रैः (putrapautraiḥ) - by sons and grandsons

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of putrapautra

putrapautra - sons and grandsons

dvandva compound: putra (son) + pautra (grandson)

Compound type : dvandva (putra+pautra)

• putra – son
  noun (masculine)
• pautra – grandson
  noun (masculine)
  derived from putra (son)

विहीना (vihīnā) - bereft, deprived of

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of vihīna

vihīna - deprived of, destitute, devoid of, left behind

past passive participle

from root hā (to abandon, quit) with prefix vi

Prefix: vi

Root: hā (class 3)

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, likewise

(indeclinable)

वध्वः (vadhvaḥ) - daughters-in-law, brides

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of vadhū

vadhū - wife, bride, daughter-in-law

पितृभिः (pitṛbhiḥ) - by fathers

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of pitṛ

pitṛ - father, ancestor

भ्रातृभिः (bhrātṛbhiḥ) - by brothers

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bhrātṛ

bhrātṛ - brother

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

कृतम् (kṛtam) - done, accomplished

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kṛta

kṛta - done, made, performed

past passive participle

from root kṛ (to do, make)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

कार्यम् (kāryam) - task, duty, deed (to be done)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kārya

kārya - to be done, duty, business, action

gerundive/passive future participle

from root kṛ (to do, make)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

दुष्करम् (duṣkaram) - difficult to do, arduous

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of duṣkara

duṣkara - difficult to do, arduous, hard

compound: dus (difficult) + kara (doer/doing, from root kṛ)

Compound type : upapada tatpuruṣa (dus+kara)

• dus – difficult, bad, hard, ill
  indeclinable
• kara – doing, making, producing
  adjective (neuter)
  agent noun/suffix
  from root kṛ (to do, make)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

पाण्डवेयैः (pāṇḍaveyaiḥ) - by the Pāṇḍavas

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of pāṇḍaveya

pāṇḍaveya - son of Pāṇḍu, a Pāṇḍava

patronymic from Pāṇḍu

प्राप्तम् (prāptam) - obtained, achieved

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of prāpta

prāpta - obtained, gained, acquired, reached

past passive participle

from root āp (to obtain) with prefix pra

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

राज्यम् (rājyam) - kingdom, sovereignty

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of rājya

rājya - kingdom, sovereignty, reign

derived from rājan (king)

असपत्नम् (asapatnam) - unrivaled, without rivals

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of asapatna

asapatna - without rivals, unrivaled, without enemies

negative compound: a (not) + sapatna (rival)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+sapatna)

• a – not, un-, in-
  indeclinable
• sapatna – a rival, enemy, co-wife
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: sa

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, once more

(indeclinable)

तैः (taiḥ) - by them (the Pāṇḍavas) (by them)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

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