महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-1, verse-157

शोच्या गान्धारी पुत्रपौत्रैर्विहीना तथा वध्वः पितृभिर्भ्रातृभिश्च ।
कृतं कार्यं दुष्करं पाण्डवेयैः प्राप्तं राज्यमसपत्नं पुनस्तैः ॥१५७॥

157. śocyā gāndhārī putrapautrairvihīnā; tathā vadhvaḥ pitṛbhirbhrātṛbhiśca ,
kṛtaṁ kāryaṁ duṣkaraṁ pāṇḍaveyaiḥ; prāptaṁ rājyamasapatnaṁ punastaiḥ.

157. śocyā gāndhārī putrapautraiḥ vihīnā
tathā vadhvaḥ pitṛbhiḥ bhrātṛbhiḥ ca
| kṛtam kāryam duṣkaram pāṇḍaveyaiḥ
prāptam rājyam asapatnam punaḥ taiḥ

157. Gāndhārī is indeed pitiable, deprived of her sons and grandsons, and similarly, the daughters-in-law are deprived of their fathers and brothers. A most difficult task was accomplished by the Pāṇḍavas, and by them, the unrivaled kingdom was obtained once again.

Words meanings summery:

• शोच्या (śocyā) - pitiable, lamentable

• गान्धारी (gāndhārī) - Gāndhārī

• पुत्रपौत्रैः (putrapautraiḥ) - by sons and grandsons

• विहीना (vihīnā) - bereft, deprived of

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, likewise

• वध्वः (vadhvaḥ) - daughters-in-law, brides

• पितृभिः (pitṛbhiḥ) - by fathers

• भ्रातृभिः (bhrātṛbhiḥ) - by brothers

• च (ca) - and

• कृतम् (kṛtam) - done, accomplished

• कार्यम् (kāryam) - task, duty, deed (to be done)

• दुष्करम् (duṣkaram) - difficult to do, arduous

• पाण्डवेयैः (pāṇḍaveyaiḥ) - by the Pāṇḍavas

• प्राप्तम् (prāptam) - obtained, achieved

• राज्यम् (rājyam) - kingdom, sovereignty

• असपत्नम् (asapatnam) - unrivaled, without rivals

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, once more

• तैः (taiḥ) - by them (the Pāṇḍavas) (by them)

Words meanings and morphology

शोच्या (śocyā) - pitiable, lamentable

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of śocya

śocya - to be grieved for, pitiable, lamentable

gerundive/passive future participle

from root śuc (to grieve)

Root: śuc (class 1)

गान्धारी (gāndhārī) - Gāndhārī

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of gāndhārī

gāndhārī - Gāndhārī (wife of Dhṛtarāṣṭra, mother of the Kauravas)

feminine noun

पुत्रपौत्रैः (putrapautraiḥ) - by sons and grandsons

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of putrapautra

putrapautra - sons and grandsons

dvandva compound: putra (son) + pautra (grandson)

Compound type : dvandva (putra+pautra)

• putra – son
  noun (masculine)
• pautra – grandson
  noun (masculine)
  derived from putra (son)

विहीना (vihīnā) - bereft, deprived of

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of vihīna

vihīna - deprived of, destitute, devoid of, left behind

past passive participle

from root hā (to abandon, quit) with prefix vi

Prefix: vi

Root: hā (class 3)

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, likewise

(indeclinable)

वध्वः (vadhvaḥ) - daughters-in-law, brides

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of vadhū

vadhū - wife, bride, daughter-in-law

पितृभिः (pitṛbhiḥ) - by fathers

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of pitṛ

pitṛ - father, ancestor

भ्रातृभिः (bhrātṛbhiḥ) - by brothers

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bhrātṛ

bhrātṛ - brother

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

कृतम् (kṛtam) - done, accomplished

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kṛta

kṛta - done, made, performed

past passive participle

from root kṛ (to do, make)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

कार्यम् (kāryam) - task, duty, deed (to be done)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kārya

kārya - to be done, duty, business, action

gerundive/passive future participle

from root kṛ (to do, make)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

दुष्करम् (duṣkaram) - difficult to do, arduous

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of duṣkara

duṣkara - difficult to do, arduous, hard

compound: dus (difficult) + kara (doer/doing, from root kṛ)

Compound type : upapada tatpuruṣa (dus+kara)

• dus – difficult, bad, hard, ill
  indeclinable
• kara – doing, making, producing
  adjective (neuter)
  agent noun/suffix
  from root kṛ (to do, make)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

पाण्डवेयैः (pāṇḍaveyaiḥ) - by the Pāṇḍavas

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of pāṇḍaveya

pāṇḍaveya - son of Pāṇḍu, a Pāṇḍava

patronymic from Pāṇḍu

प्राप्तम् (prāptam) - obtained, achieved

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of prāpta

prāpta - obtained, gained, acquired, reached

past passive participle

from root āp (to obtain) with prefix pra

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

राज्यम् (rājyam) - kingdom, sovereignty

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of rājya

rājya - kingdom, sovereignty, reign

derived from rājan (king)

असपत्नम् (asapatnam) - unrivaled, without rivals

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of asapatna

asapatna - without rivals, unrivaled, without enemies

negative compound: a (not) + sapatna (rival)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+sapatna)

• a – not, un-, in-
  indeclinable
• sapatna – a rival, enemy, co-wife
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: sa

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, once more

(indeclinable)

तैः (taiḥ) - by them (the Pāṇḍavas) (by them)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it