महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-1, verse-133

यदाभिमन्युं परिवार्य बालं सर्वे हत्वा हृष्टरूपा बभूवुः ।
महारथाः पार्थमशक्नुवन्तस्तदा नाशंसे विजयाय संजय ॥१३३॥

133. yadābhimanyuṁ parivārya bālaṁ; sarve hatvā hṛṣṭarūpā babhūvuḥ ,
mahārathāḥ pārthamaśaknuvanta;stadā nāśaṁse vijayāya saṁjaya.

133. yadā abhimanyum parivārya bālam
sarve hatvā hṛṣṭarūpā babhūvuḥ
mahārathāḥ pārtham aśaknuvantaḥ
tadā na āśaṃse vijayāya saṃjaya

133. O Sañjaya, when all the great charioteers, unable to defeat Pārtha (Arjuna), surrounded the boy Abhimanyu and killed him, becoming joyful at his death, then I lost all hope for victory.

Words meanings summery:

• यदा (yadā) - when (when, at which time)

• अभिमन्युम् (abhimanyum) - Abhimanyu (Abhimanyu (proper noun))

• परिवार्य (parivārya) - having surrounded

• बालम् (bālam) - the boy (boy, young one)

• सर्वे (sarve) - all (of them, i.e., the charioteers) (all, everyone)

• हत्वा (hatvā) - having killed (having killed, after killing)

• हृष्टरूपा (hṛṣṭarūpā) - becoming joyful (at his death) (having a joyful form/appearance)

• बभूवुः (babhūvuḥ) - they became

• महारथाः (mahārathāḥ) - the great charioteers (prominent warriors) (great charioteers)

• पार्थम् (pārtham) - Arjuna (Pārtha (Arjuna))

• अशक्नुवन्तः (aśaknuvantaḥ) - being unable (to defeat) (being unable, not able)

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that moment (then, at that time)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• आशंसे (āśaṁse) - I hoped (for victory) (I hope, I expect)

• विजयाय (vijayāya) - for victory

• संजय (saṁjaya) - O Sañjaya (O Sañjaya (proper name))

Words meanings and morphology

यदा (yadā) - when (when, at which time)

(indeclinable)

अभिमन्युम् (abhimanyum) - Abhimanyu (Abhimanyu (proper noun))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of abhimanyu

abhimanyu - a proper name, son of Arjuna and Subhadra

परिवार्य (parivārya) - having surrounded

(indeclinable)

gerund

gerundive suffix -ya (or -tvā)

Prefix: pari

Root: vṛ (class 5)

बालम् (bālam) - the boy (boy, young one)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bāla

bāla - young, infant, boy, child

सर्वे (sarve) - all (of them, i.e., the charioteers) (all, everyone)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

हत्वा (hatvā) - having killed (having killed, after killing)

(indeclinable)

gerund

gerundive suffix -tvā

Root: han (class 2)

हृष्टरूपा (hṛṣṭarūpā) - becoming joyful (at his death) (having a joyful form/appearance)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of hṛṣṭarūpa

hṛṣṭarūpa - having a joyful form, joyful in appearance

compound adjective

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (hṛṣṭa+rūpa)

• hṛṣṭa – gladdened, joyful, thrilled
  adjective (masculine)
  past participle
  root hṛṣ + kta
  Root: hṛṣ (class 4)
• rūpa – form, appearance, beauty
  noun (neuter)

बभूवुः (babhūvuḥ) - they became

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

महारथाः (mahārathāḥ) - the great charioteers (prominent warriors) (great charioteers)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mahāratha

mahāratha - a great warrior, one who can fight ten thousand warriors

compound noun

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, large, powerful
  adjective
• ratha – chariot, warrior (by extension)
  noun (masculine)

पार्थम् (pārtham) - Arjuna (Pārtha (Arjuna))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kunti), Arjuna

patronymic from Pṛthā

अशक्नुवन्तः (aśaknuvantaḥ) - being unable (to defeat) (being unable, not able)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of aśaknuvat

aśaknuvat - unable, not able

present participle

prefix a- (negation) + root śak + śnu + at

Prefix: a

Root: śak (class 5)

तदा (tadā) - then, at that moment (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

आशंसे (āśaṁse) - I hoped (for victory) (I hope, I expect)

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of āśaṃs

Prefix: ā

Root: śaṃs (class 1)

Note: ātmanepada verb

विजयाय (vijayāya) - for victory

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of vijaya

vijaya - victory, conquest, triumph

action noun

vi + ji + a (ghañ)

Root: ji (class 1)

संजय (saṁjaya) - O Sañjaya (O Sañjaya (proper name))

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Saṃjaya (proper name), victory, complete conquest