महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-1, verse-120

यदाश्रौषं वासुदेवे प्रयाते रथस्यैकामग्रतस्तिष्ठमानाम् ।
आर्तां पृथां सान्त्वितां केशवेन तदा नाशंसे विजयाय संजय ॥१२०॥

120. yadāśrauṣaṁ vāsudeve prayāte; rathasyaikāmagratastiṣṭhamānām ,
ārtāṁ pṛthāṁ sāntvitāṁ keśavena; tadā nāśaṁse vijayāya saṁjaya.

120. yadā aśrauṣam vāsudeve prayāte
rathasya ekām agrataḥ tiṣṭhamānām
ārtām pṛthām sāntvitām keśavena
tadā na āśaṃse vijayāya saṃjaya

120. When I heard that, after Vasudeva had departed, the distressed Pritha stood alone in front of his chariot, having been consoled by Keshava, then, O Sanjaya, I lost all hope for victory.

Words meanings summery:

• यदा (yadā) - when (when, at which time)

• अश्रौषम् (aśrauṣam) - I heard

• वासुदेवे (vāsudeve) - (when) Vasudeva (had departed) (in Vasudeva, on Vasudeva)

• प्रयाते (prayāte) - having departed (having departed, having gone forth)

• रथस्य (rathasya) - of his chariot (of the chariot)

• एकाम् (ekām) - alone (one, alone, unique (feminine accusative singular))

• अग्रतः (agrataḥ) - in front (of the chariot) (in front, before, in the presence of)

• तिष्ठमानाम् (tiṣṭhamānām) - standing (standing, remaining (feminine accusative singular))

• आर्ताम् (ārtām) - distressed (distressed, afflicted, suffering (feminine accusative singular))

• पृथाम् (pṛthām) - Pritha (Pritha (name of Kunti, mother of Pandavas))

• सान्त्विताम् (sāntvitām) - consoled (consoled, comforted (feminine accusative singular))

• केशवेन (keśavena) - by Keshava (Krishna) (by Keshava)

• तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• आशंसे (āśaṁse) - I hope (for victory), I expect (victory) (I hope, I expect)

• विजयाय (vijayāya) - for victory

• संजय (saṁjaya) - O Sanjaya

Words meanings and morphology

यदा (yadā) - when (when, at which time)

(indeclinable)

अश्रौषम् (aśrauṣam) - I heard

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, past aorist (luṅ) of śru

Root: śru (class 5)

वासुदेवे (vāsudeve) - (when) Vasudeva (had departed) (in Vasudeva, on Vasudeva)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of vāsudeva

vāsudeva - son of Vasudeva; an epithet of Krishna

Note: Part of locative absolute construction (`vāsudeve prayāte`).

प्रयाते (prayāte) - having departed (having departed, having gone forth)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of prayāta

prayāta - gone forth, departed, commenced

past_passive_participle

from pra-yā

Prefix: pra

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Part of locative absolute construction (`vāsudeve prayāte`).

रथस्य (rathasya) - of his chariot (of the chariot)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot

Note: Possessive genitive with `agrataḥ`.

एकाम् (ekām) - alone (one, alone, unique (feminine accusative singular))

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of eka

eka - one, unique, single, sole

Note: Modifies `pṛthām` and `tiṣṭhamānām`.

अग्रतः (agrataḥ) - in front (of the chariot) (in front, before, in the presence of)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of place.

तिष्ठमानाम् (tiṣṭhamānām) - standing (standing, remaining (feminine accusative singular))

(nominal form)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tiṣṭhamāna

tiṣṭhamāna - standing, remaining, existing

present_participle

from sthā, middle voice

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Modifies `pṛthām`.

आर्ताम् (ārtām) - distressed (distressed, afflicted, suffering (feminine accusative singular))

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of ārta

ārta - distressed, afflicted, pained, suffering

past_passive_participle

from ṛ 'to go' + Ā (irregularly from caus. of ṛ, 'to pain')

Root: ṛ (class 1)

Note: Modifies `pṛthām`.

पृथाम् (pṛthām) - Pritha (Pritha (name of Kunti, mother of Pandavas))

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of pṛthā

pṛthā - Pritha (Kunti's birth name)

Note: Direct object of `aśrauṣam`.

सान्त्विताम् (sāntvitām) - consoled (consoled, comforted (feminine accusative singular))

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of sāntvita

sāntvita - consoled, comforted, appeased

past_passive_participle

from sāntv (causative of santv)

Root: santv (class 10)

Note: Modifies `pṛthām`.

केशवेन (keśavena) - by Keshava (Krishna) (by Keshava)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of keśava

keśava - Keshava (an epithet of Krishna)

Note: Agent of `sāntvitām`.

तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

Note: Correlative to `yadā`.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

आशंसे (āśaṁse) - I hope (for victory), I expect (victory) (I hope, I expect)

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of ā-śaṃs

Prefix: ā

Root: śaṃs (class 1)

Note: Followed by a dative object `vijayāya`.

विजयाय (vijayāya) - for victory

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of vijaya

vijaya - victory, triumph, conquest

action_noun

from vi-ji

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Object of desire for `āśaṃse`.

संजय (saṁjaya) - O Sanjaya

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Sanjaya (name)