महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-1, verse-112

यदाश्रौषं घोषयात्रागतानां बन्धं गन्धर्वैर्मोक्षणं चार्जुनेन ।
स्वेषां सुतानां कर्णबुद्धौ रतानां तदा नाशंसे विजयाय संजय ॥११२॥

112. yadāśrauṣaṁ ghoṣayātrāgatānāṁ; bandhaṁ gandharvairmokṣaṇaṁ cārjunena ,
sveṣāṁ sutānāṁ karṇabuddhau ratānāṁ; tadā nāśaṁse vijayāya saṁjaya.

112. yadā aśrauṣam ghoṣayātrāgatānām
bandham gandharvaiḥ mokṣaṇam ca arjunena
sveṣām sutānām karṇabuddhau ratānām
tadā na āśaṃse vijayāya saṃjaya

112. Sañjaya, when I heard that my own sons, who had gone to the cattle festival and were devoted to Karna's counsel, were captured by the Gandharvas and then freed by Arjuna, I then no longer hoped for victory.

Words meanings summery:

• यदा (yadā) - when (when, at which time)

• अश्रौषम् (aśrauṣam) - I heard

• घोषयात्रागतानाम् (ghoṣayātrāgatānām) - of those who had gone to the cattle festival (of those who came for the cattle festival)

• बन्धम् (bandham) - capture (captivity, imprisonment, bondage)

• गन्धर्वैः (gandharvaiḥ) - by the Gandharvas

• मोक्षणम् (mokṣaṇam) - liberation, freeing

• च (ca) - and

• अर्जुनेन (arjunena) - by Arjuna

• स्वेषाम् (sveṣām) - of my own (sons) (of one's own, of their own)

• सुतानाम् (sutānām) - of sons

• कर्णबुद्धौ (karṇabuddhau) - in Karna's counsel/advice (in Karna's counsel/intellect)

• रतानाम् (ratānām) - of those devoted to (Karna's counsel) (of those delighted in, devoted to, attached to)

• तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• आशंसे (āśaṁse) - I hope (for victory) (I hope, I expect)

• विजयाय (vijayāya) - for victory (for victory, to victory)

• संजय (saṁjaya) - O Sañjaya (O Sañjaya (vocative))

Words meanings and morphology

यदा (yadā) - when (when, at which time)

(indeclinable)

अश्रौषम् (aśrauṣam) - I heard

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, past (luṅ) of śru

root of the 5th conjugation (śṛṇoti)

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: augment 'a' indicates past tense

घोषयात्रागतानाम् (ghoṣayātrāgatānām) - of those who had gone to the cattle festival (of those who came for the cattle festival)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of ghoṣayātrāgata

ghoṣayātrāgata - one who has come for a cattle festival (ghoṣayātrā)

past participle in compound

from ghoṣayātrā + ā + gam (to go)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ghoṣayātrā+āgata)

• ghoṣayātrā – cattle festival, festival of cowherds
  noun (feminine)
• āgata – come, arrived, gone to
  past participle (masculine)
  past passive participle
  from ā + gam (to go)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Modifies sutānām

बन्धम् (bandham) - capture (captivity, imprisonment, bondage)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bandha

bandha - binding, bondage, captivity, imprisonment

action noun

from root bandh (to bind)

Root: bandh (class 9)

Note: Object of 'heard'

गन्धर्वैः (gandharvaiḥ) - by the Gandharvas

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of gandharva

gandharva - a Gandharva (a class of celestial beings, often musicians or warriors)

Note: Agent of bandham

मोक्षणम् (mokṣaṇam) - liberation, freeing

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mokṣaṇa

mokṣaṇa - liberation, setting free, release

action noun

from root mokṣ (causative of muc - to release)

Root: muc (class 6)

Note: Object of 'heard'

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

अर्जुनेन (arjunena) - by Arjuna

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - white, clear, bright, a proper name (son of Pāṇḍu)

Note: Agent of mokṣaṇam

स्वेषाम् (sveṣām) - of my own (sons) (of one's own, of their own)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of sva

sva - one's own, his own, her own, their own

Note: Agrees with sutānām. Here 'my own' from Dhritarashtra's perspective

सुतानाम् (sutānām) - of sons

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of suta

suta - son, born, begotten

past participle

from root sū (to beget, give birth to)

Root: sū (class 2)

Note: The sons (Duryodhana etc.)

कर्णबुद्धौ (karṇabuddhau) - in Karna's counsel/advice (in Karna's counsel/intellect)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of karṇabuddhi

karṇabuddhi - Karna's intellect/counsel

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (karṇa+buddhi)

• karṇa – ear, a proper name (Karna)
  noun (masculine)
• buddhi – intellect, understanding, opinion, counsel
  noun (feminine)
  action noun
  from root budh (to know)
  Root: budh (class 1)

Note: Location of ratānām (devoted to)

रतानाम् (ratānām) - of those devoted to (Karna's counsel) (of those delighted in, devoted to, attached to)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of rata

rata - delighted in, pleased, attached to, devoted to, engaged in

past passive participle

from root ram (to delight, enjoy)

Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Agrees with sutānām

तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

Note: Correlates with yadā

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle of negation

आशंसे (āśaṁse) - I hope (for victory) (I hope, I expect)

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of āśaṃs

from ā + śaṃs (to praise, declare)

Prefix: ā

Root: śaṃs (class 1)

Note: Ātmanepada form

विजयाय (vijayāya) - for victory (for victory, to victory)

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of vijaya

vijaya - victory, triumph, conquest, success

action noun

from vi + ji (to conquer)

Prefix: vi

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Expresses purpose

संजय (saṁjaya) - O Sañjaya (O Sañjaya (vocative))

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Sañjaya (proper name), victory, conquest

Note: Address to Sañjaya