महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-1, verse-165

धर्मेण पृथिवीं जित्वा यज्ञैरिष्ट्वाप्तदक्षिणैः ।
अस्मिँल्लोके यशः प्राप्य ततः कालवशं गताः ॥१६५॥

165. dharmeṇa pṛthivīṁ jitvā yajñairiṣṭvāptadakṣiṇaiḥ ,
asmiँlloke yaśaḥ prāpya tataḥ kālavaśaṁ gatāḥ.

165. dharmeṇa pṛthivīṃ jitvā yajñaiḥ iṣṭvā āptadakṣiṇaiḥ
asmin loke yaśaḥ prāpya tataḥ kālavaśaṃ gatāḥ

165. Having conquered the earth through righteousness, having performed sacrifices with generous offerings, and having attained fame in this world, they then succumbed to the sway of time (passed away).

Words meanings summery:

• धर्मेण (dharmeṇa) - through righteousness, by proper conduct (by dharma, by righteousness, by justice)

• पृथिवीं (pṛthivīṁ) - the entire earth (the earth)

• जित्वा (jitvā) - having conquered (having conquered, having won)

• यज्ञैः (yajñaiḥ) - by ritual sacrifices (by sacrifices)

• इष्ट्वा (iṣṭvā) - having performed sacrifices (having sacrificed, having worshipped)

• आप्तदक्षिणैः (āptadakṣiṇaiḥ) - with complete/generous sacrificial fees (by (sacrifices) with received sacrificial fees)

• अस्मिन् (asmin) - in this

• लोके (loke) - in this world (on earth) (in the world)

• यशः (yaśaḥ) - fame (fame, glory, renown)

• प्राप्य (prāpya) - having attained (having obtained, having reached)

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter (thereafter, then, from there)

• कालवशं (kālavaśaṁ) - under the dominion of time, death (under the sway of time, subject to death)

• गताः (gatāḥ) - passed away, succumbed (to death) (gone, arrived, passed away)

Words meanings and morphology

धर्मेण (dharmeṇa) - through righteousness, by proper conduct (by dharma, by righteousness, by justice)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - righteousness, duty, law, religion, virtue, custom, moral order

Derived from root dhṛ (to uphold, support)

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

पृथिवीं (pṛthivīṁ) - the entire earth (the earth)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of pṛthivī

pṛthivī - earth, ground, land, world

Derived from root pṛth (to expand, be wide)

Root: pṛth

Note: Object of `jitvā`.

जित्वा (jitvā) - having conquered (having conquered, having won)

(verb)

active, past (ktvā) of jitvā

absolutive (gerund)

Derived from root ji (to conquer, win) + ktvā suffix

Root: ji (class 1)

यज्ञैः (yajñaiḥ) - by ritual sacrifices (by sacrifices)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of yajña

yajña - sacrifice, worship, ritual, offering

Derived from root yaj (to sacrifice, worship)

Root: yaj (class 1)

इष्ट्वा (iṣṭvā) - having performed sacrifices (having sacrificed, having worshipped)

(verb)

active, past (ktvā) of iṣṭvā

absolutive (gerund)

Derived from root yaj (to sacrifice) + ktvā suffix, with irregular stem formation

Root: yaj (class 1)

आप्तदक्षिणैः (āptadakṣiṇaiḥ) - with complete/generous sacrificial fees (by (sacrifices) with received sacrificial fees)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of āptadakṣiṇa

āptadakṣiṇa - having received the sacrificial fee, with appropriate gifts/offerings

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (āpta+dakṣiṇā)

• āpta – obtained, gained, reached, suitable, fit
  adjective
  past passive participle
  kta suffix from āp (to obtain)
  Root: āp (class 5)
• dakṣiṇā – sacrificial fee, gift, donation, offering
  noun (feminine)

Note: Agrees with `yajñaiḥ`.

अस्मिन् (asmin) - in this

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, here, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Agreement with `loke`.

लोके (loke) - in this world (on earth) (in the world)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of loka

loka - world, realm, people, space

Derived from root loc (to see, perceive)

Root: loc (class 10)

यशः (yaśaḥ) - fame (fame, glory, renown)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of yaśas

yaśas - fame, glory, renown, reputation, praise

प्राप्य (prāpya) - having attained (having obtained, having reached)

(verb)

active, past (lyap) of prāpya

absolutive (gerund)

Derived from root āp (to obtain, reach) with prefix pra + lyap suffix

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter (thereafter, then, from there)

(indeclinable)

Derived from tad (that) with tas-il suffix

कालवशं (kālavaśaṁ) - under the dominion of time, death (under the sway of time, subject to death)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kālavaśa

kālavaśa - subject to time, under the power of death/destiny

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kāla+vaśa)

• kāla – time, death, destiny, period
  noun (masculine)
• vaśa – will, control, power, submission, authority
  noun (masculine)
  From root vaś (to wish, desire)
  Root: vaś (class 2)

Note: Object of `gatāḥ` (went to).

गताः (gatāḥ) - passed away, succumbed (to death) (gone, arrived, passed away)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of gata

gata - gone, moved, passed, reached, dead, arrived

past passive participle

Derived from root gam (to go) + kta suffix

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Predicate participle for the kings.