महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-1, verse-152

यदाश्रौषं विविधांस्तात मार्गान्गदायुद्धे मण्डलं संचरन्तम् ।
मिथ्या हतं वासुदेवस्य बुद्ध्या तदा नाशंसे विजयाय संजय ॥१५२॥

152. yadāśrauṣaṁ vividhāṁstāta mārgā;ngadāyuddhe maṇḍalaṁ saṁcarantam ,
mithyā hataṁ vāsudevasya buddhyā; tadā nāśaṁse vijayāya saṁjaya.

152. yadā aśrauṣam vividhān tāta mārgān
gadāyuddhe maṇḍalam sañcarantam
| mithyā hatam vāsudevasya buddhyā
tadā na āśaṃse vijayāya sañjaya

152. O Sañjaya, when I heard that (my son), who was moving in various circular paths in the mace fight, was unfairly slain due to Vāsudeva's (Kṛṣṇa's) stratagem, then I lost all hope for victory.

Words meanings summery:

• यदा (yadā) - when (when, at which time)

• अश्रौषम् (aśrauṣam) - I heard

• विविधान् (vividhān) - various (various, manifold, diverse)

• तात (tāta) - O dear one (addressing Sañjaya) (father, dear one)

• मार्गान् (mārgān) - paths/movements (paths, ways, movements)

• गदायुद्धे (gadāyuddhe) - in the mace fight

• मण्डलम् (maṇḍalam) - in a circular manner (circle, disc, orb, circular movement)

• सञ्चरन्तम् (sañcarantam) - moving (in circles) (moving about, circulating, wandering)

• मिथ्या (mithyā) - unfairly (falsely, wrongly, unfairly, in vain)

• हतम् (hatam) - slain (slain, killed, struck down)

• वासुदेवस्य (vāsudevasya) - of Vāsudeva (Kṛṣṇa)

• बुद्ध्या (buddhyā) - by the stratagem/intellect (by intellect, by understanding, by stratagem)

• तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• आशंसे (āśaṁse) - I hope (I hope, I wish, I expect)

• विजयाय (vijayāya) - for victory (for victory, for triumph)

• सञ्जय (sañjaya) - O Sanjaya (Sanjaya)

Words meanings and morphology

यदा (yadā) - when (when, at which time)

(indeclinable)

अश्रौषम् (aśrauṣam) - I heard

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, past aorist (luṅ) of śru

Root: śru (class 5)

विविधान् (vividhān) - various (various, manifold, diverse)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of vividha

vividha - various, manifold, diverse, different kinds

तात (tāta) - O dear one (addressing Sañjaya) (father, dear one)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of tāta

tāta - father (as a term of endearment, also used for elders addressing juniors, or vice versa)

मार्गान् (mārgān) - paths/movements (paths, ways, movements)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of mārga

mārga - path, road, way, course, movement

गदायुद्धे (gadāyuddhe) - in the mace fight

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of gadāyuddha

gadāyuddha - mace-fight, club-fight

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (gadā+yuddha)

• gadā – mace, club
  noun (feminine)
• yuddha – fight, battle, war
  noun (neuter)
  action noun
  from root yudh (to fight)
  Root: yudh (class 4)

मण्डलम् (maṇḍalam) - in a circular manner (circle, disc, orb, circular movement)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of maṇḍala

maṇḍala - circle, disc, orb, circular arrangement, region

Note: Often used adverbially to denote circular movement.

सञ्चरन्तम् (sañcarantam) - moving (in circles) (moving about, circulating, wandering)

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sañcarat

sañcarat - moving about, circulating, wandering

present participle

from sam-car (to move about)

Prefix: sam

Root: car (class 1)

Note: Refers to Duryodhana (implied object of 'aśrauṣam').

मिथ्या (mithyā) - unfairly (falsely, wrongly, unfairly, in vain)

(indeclinable)

हतम् (hatam) - slain (slain, killed, struck down)

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of hata

hata - slain, killed, struck, destroyed

past passive participle

from root han (to strike, kill)

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Refers to Duryodhana (implied object of 'aśrauṣam').

वासुदेवस्य (vāsudevasya) - of Vāsudeva (Kṛṣṇa)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of vāsudeva

vāsudeva - Kṛṣṇa (son of Vasudeva), related to Vasudeva

patronymic from Vasudeva

बुद्ध्या (buddhyā) - by the stratagem/intellect (by intellect, by understanding, by stratagem)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of buddhi

buddhi - intellect, understanding, reason, perception, stratagem

action noun

from root budh (to know, understand)

Root: budh (class 1)

तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

आशंसे (āśaṁse) - I hope (I hope, I wish, I expect)

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of ā-śaṃs

Prefix: ā

Root: śaṃs (class 1)

विजयाय (vijayāya) - for victory (for victory, for triumph)

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of vijaya

vijaya - victory, triumph, conquest

action noun

from vi-ji (to conquer)

Prefix: vi

Root: ji (class 1)

सञ्जय (sañjaya) - O Sanjaya (Sanjaya)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of sañjaya

sañjaya - Sanjaya (name of Dhṛtarāṣṭra's charioteer and narrator)

Prefix: sam

Root: ji (class 1)