महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-1, verse-152

यदाश्रौषं विविधांस्तात मार्गान्गदायुद्धे मण्डलं संचरन्तम् ।
मिथ्या हतं वासुदेवस्य बुद्ध्या तदा नाशंसे विजयाय संजय ॥१५२॥

152. yadāśrauṣaṁ vividhāṁstāta mārgā;ngadāyuddhe maṇḍalaṁ saṁcarantam ,
mithyā hataṁ vāsudevasya buddhyā; tadā nāśaṁse vijayāya saṁjaya.

152. yadā aśrauṣam vividhān tāta mārgān
gadāyuddhe maṇḍalam sañcarantam
| mithyā hatam vāsudevasya buddhyā
tadā na āśaṃse vijayāya sañjaya

152. O Sañjaya, when I heard that (my son), who was moving in various circular paths in the mace fight, was unfairly slain due to Vāsudeva's (Kṛṣṇa's) stratagem, then I lost all hope for victory.

152. כאשר שמעתי, הו יקירי, שבקרב האלות הוא נע במעגל ובדרכים רבות, ונהרג שלא ביושר בעצתו של וָאסוּדֵוַה, אז, הו סַנְג׳ַיַה, איבדתי כל תקווה לניצחון.

Words meanings summery:

• यदा (yadā) - when (when, at which time)

• अश्रौषम् (aśrauṣam) - I heard

• विविधान् (vividhān) - various (various, manifold, diverse)

• तात (tāta) - O dear one (addressing Sañjaya) (father, dear one)

• मार्गान् (mārgān) - paths/movements (paths, ways, movements)

• गदायुद्धे (gadāyuddhe) - in the mace fight

• मण्डलम् (maṇḍalam) - in a circular manner (circle, disc, orb, circular movement)

• सञ्चरन्तम् (sañcarantam) - moving (in circles) (moving about, circulating, wandering)

• मिथ्या (mithyā) - unfairly (falsely, wrongly, unfairly, in vain)

• हतम् (hatam) - slain (slain, killed, struck down)

• वासुदेवस्य (vāsudevasya) - of Vāsudeva (Kṛṣṇa)

• बुद्ध्या (buddhyā) - by the stratagem/intellect (by intellect, by understanding, by stratagem)

• तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• आशंसे (āśaṁse) - I hope (I hope, I wish, I expect)

• विजयाय (vijayāya) - for victory (for victory, for triumph)

• सञ्जय (sañjaya) - O Sanjaya (Sanjaya)

Words meanings and morphology

यदा (yadā) - when (when, at which time)

(indeclinable)

अश्रौषम् (aśrauṣam) - I heard

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, past aorist (luṅ) of śru

Root: śru (class 5)

विविधान् (vividhān) - various (various, manifold, diverse)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of vividha

vividha - various, manifold, diverse, different kinds

तात (tāta) - O dear one (addressing Sañjaya) (father, dear one)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of tāta

tāta - father (as a term of endearment, also used for elders addressing juniors, or vice versa)

मार्गान् (mārgān) - paths/movements (paths, ways, movements)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of mārga

mārga - path, road, way, course, movement

गदायुद्धे (gadāyuddhe) - in the mace fight

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of gadāyuddha

gadāyuddha - mace-fight, club-fight

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (gadā+yuddha)

• gadā – mace, club
  noun (feminine)
• yuddha – fight, battle, war
  noun (neuter)
  action noun
  from root yudh (to fight)
  Root: yudh (class 4)

मण्डलम् (maṇḍalam) - in a circular manner (circle, disc, orb, circular movement)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of maṇḍala

maṇḍala - circle, disc, orb, circular arrangement, region

Note: Often used adverbially to denote circular movement.

सञ्चरन्तम् (sañcarantam) - moving (in circles) (moving about, circulating, wandering)

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sañcarat

sañcarat - moving about, circulating, wandering

present participle

from sam-car (to move about)

Prefix: sam

Root: car (class 1)

Note: Refers to Duryodhana (implied object of 'aśrauṣam').

मिथ्या (mithyā) - unfairly (falsely, wrongly, unfairly, in vain)

(indeclinable)

हतम् (hatam) - slain (slain, killed, struck down)

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of hata

hata - slain, killed, struck, destroyed

past passive participle

from root han (to strike, kill)

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Refers to Duryodhana (implied object of 'aśrauṣam').

वासुदेवस्य (vāsudevasya) - of Vāsudeva (Kṛṣṇa)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of vāsudeva

vāsudeva - Kṛṣṇa (son of Vasudeva), related to Vasudeva

patronymic from Vasudeva

बुद्ध्या (buddhyā) - by the stratagem/intellect (by intellect, by understanding, by stratagem)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of buddhi

buddhi - intellect, understanding, reason, perception, stratagem

action noun

from root budh (to know, understand)

Root: budh (class 1)

तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

आशंसे (āśaṁse) - I hope (I hope, I wish, I expect)

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of ā-śaṃs

Prefix: ā

Root: śaṃs (class 1)

विजयाय (vijayāya) - for victory (for victory, for triumph)

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of vijaya

vijaya - victory, triumph, conquest

action noun

from vi-ji (to conquer)

Prefix: vi

Root: ji (class 1)

सञ्जय (sañjaya) - O Sanjaya (Sanjaya)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of sañjaya

sañjaya - Sanjaya (name of Dhṛtarāṣṭra's charioteer and narrator)

Prefix: sam

Root: ji (class 1)

Previous Verse Next Verse