महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-1, verse-128

यदाश्रौषं शांतनवे शयाने पानीयार्थे चोदितेनार्जुनेन ।
भूमिं भित्त्वा तर्पितं तत्र भीष्मं तदा नाशंसे विजयाय संजय ॥१२८॥

128. yadāśrauṣaṁ śāṁtanave śayāne; pānīyārthe coditenārjunena ,
bhūmiṁ bhittvā tarpitaṁ tatra bhīṣmaṁ; tadā nāśaṁse vijayāya saṁjaya.

128. yadā aśrauṣam śāntanave śayāne
pānīyārthe coditena arjunena bhūmim
bhittvā tarpitam tatra bhīṣmam
tadā na āśaṃse vijayāya saṃjaya

128. When I heard that Bhīṣma, son of Śāntanu, while lying [wounded on the battlefield], was satisfied with water provided by Arjuna—who, being requested for water, had pierced the earth [to bring it forth]—then, Sañjaya, I lost all hope for victory.

Words meanings summery:

• यदा (yadā) - when (when, at which time)

• अश्रौषम् (aśrauṣam) - I heard

• शान्तनवे (śāntanave) - in the son of Śāntanu (referring to Bhīṣma, agreeing with śayāne) (in the son of Śāntanu; for the son of Śāntanu)

• शयाने (śayāne) - while lying down (wounded on the battlefield) (lying down, resting)

• पानीयार्थे (pānīyārthe) - for the purpose of obtaining water (for the purpose of water, for water)

• चोदितेन (coditena) - by one who had been requested (by Bhīṣma for water) (by one who has been urged, requested, incited)

• अर्जुनेन (arjunena) - by Arjuna

• भूमिम् (bhūmim) - the ground (earth, ground)

• भित्त्वा (bhittvā) - having pierced (the earth) (having pierced, having split)

• तर्पितम् (tarpitam) - satisfied (with water), quenched (satisfied, quenched, propitiated)

• तत्र (tatra) - there (on the battlefield) (there, in that place)

• भीष्मम् (bhīṣmam) - Bhīṣma (the Kuru general) (Bhīṣma)

• तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• आशंसे (āśaṁse) - I hoped for (victory) (I hope for, I expect)

• विजयाय (vijayāya) - for victory

• संजय (saṁjaya) - O Sañjaya!

Words meanings and morphology

यदा (yadā) - when (when, at which time)

(indeclinable)

अश्रौषम् (aśrauṣam) - I heard

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, aorist (luṅ) of śru

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Aorist form from √śru

शान्तनवे (śāntanave) - in the son of Śāntanu (referring to Bhīṣma, agreeing with śayāne) (in the son of Śāntanu; for the son of Śāntanu)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of śāntanava

śāntanava - son of Śāntanu (Bhīṣma)

derived from Śāntanu

Note: Locative singular, used in a locative absolute construction

शयाने (śayāne) - while lying down (wounded on the battlefield) (lying down, resting)

(participle)

Locative, masculine, singular of śayāna

śayāna - lying, resting, sleeping

present participle

present middle participle from √śī

Root: śī (class 2)

Note: Locative singular, agreeing with śāntanave in a locative absolute construction

पानीयार्थे (pānīyārthe) - for the purpose of obtaining water (for the purpose of water, for water)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of pānīyārtha

pānīyārtha - purpose of drinking water, for water

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pānīya+artha)

• pānīya – drinkable, water
  noun (neuter)
  future passive participle
  from √pā (to drink)
  Root: pā (class 1)
• artha – purpose, meaning, object, wealth
  noun (masculine)

Note: Locative singular, indicating purpose

चोदितेन (coditena) - by one who had been requested (by Bhīṣma for water) (by one who has been urged, requested, incited)

(participle)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of codita

codita - urged, impelled, requested

past passive participle

from √cud (to urge, incite)

Root: cud (class 10)

Note: Agrees with arjunena

अर्जुनेन (arjunena) - by Arjuna

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - Arjuna (name of a Pāṇḍava prince), white, silver

भूमिम् (bhūmim) - the ground (earth, ground)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of bhūmi

bhūmi - earth, ground, land

भित्त्वा (bhittvā) - having pierced (the earth) (having pierced, having split)

(indeclinable)

gerund

absolutive from √bhid

Root: bhid (class 7)

तर्पितम् (tarpitam) - satisfied (with water), quenched (satisfied, quenched, propitiated)

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tarpita

tarpita - satisfied, appeased, quenched

past passive participle

from √tṛp (to satisfy)

Root: tṛp (class 4)

Note: Agrees with bhīṣmam

तत्र (tatra) - there (on the battlefield) (there, in that place)

(indeclinable)

भीष्मम् (bhīṣmam) - Bhīṣma (the Kuru general) (Bhīṣma)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhīṣma (name of a Kuru patriarch), terrible, dreadful

तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

आशंसे (āśaṁse) - I hoped for (victory) (I hope for, I expect)

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of ā-śaṃs

Prefix: ā

Root: śaṃs (class 1)

Note: Often used with 'na' to mean 'to despair' or 'lose hope'. Context implies past tense due to 'yadā...tadā'

विजयाय (vijayāya) - for victory

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of vijaya

vijaya - victory, triumph, conquest

संजय (saṁjaya) - O Sañjaya!

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Sañjaya (name of Dhṛtarāṣṭra's charioteer), victory