महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-1, verse-105

यदाश्रौषं हृतराज्यं युधिष्ठिरं पराजितं सौबलेनाक्षवत्याम् ।
अन्वागतं भ्रातृभिरप्रमेयैस्तदा नाशंसे विजयाय संजय ॥१०५॥

105. yadāśrauṣaṁ hṛtarājyaṁ yudhiṣṭhiraṁ; parājitaṁ saubalenākṣavatyām ,
anvāgataṁ bhrātṛbhiraprameyai;stadā nāśaṁse vijayāya saṁjaya.

105. yadā aśrauṣam hṛtarājyam yudhiṣṭhiram
parājitam saubalena akṣavatyām
anvāgatam bhrātṛbhiḥ aprameyauḥ
tadā na āśaṃse vijayāya saṃjaya

105. O Sanjaya, when I heard that Yudhishthira, whose kingdom was taken away, was defeated by the son of Subala (Shakuni) in the dice game, and that he was accompanied by his unparalleled brothers, then I lost hope for victory.

Words meanings summery:

• यदा (yadā) - when (when, at what time)

• अश्रौषम् (aśrauṣam) - I heard

• हृतराज्यम् (hṛtarājyam) - whose kingdom was taken away

• युधिष्ठिरम् (yudhiṣṭhiram) - Yudhishthira (Yudhishthira (a name))

• पराजितम् (parājitam) - defeated (defeated, conquered)

• सौबलेन (saubalena) - by the son of Subala (Shakuni) (by the son of Subala)

• अक्षवत्याम् (akṣavatyām) - in the dice game (assembly hall) (in the dice game)

• अन्वागतम् (anvāgatam) - accompanied (followed, accompanied)

• भ्रातृभिः (bhrātṛbhiḥ) - by his brothers (by brothers)

• अप्रमेयौः (aprameyauḥ) - by unparalleled (by incomparable, by immeasurable)

• तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• आशंसे (āśaṁse) - I lost hope (I hope, I wish)

• विजयाय (vijayāya) - for victory

• संजय (saṁjaya) - O Sanjaya

Words meanings and morphology

यदा (yadā) - when (when, at what time)

(indeclinable)

अश्रौषम् (aśrauṣam) - I heard

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, aorist (luṅ) of śru

Root: śru (class 5)

हृतराज्यम् (hṛtarājyam) - whose kingdom was taken away

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of hṛtarājya

hṛtarājya - whose kingdom is taken, deprived of kingdom

Compound type : bahuvrihi (hṛta+rājya)

• hṛta – taken, carried off, stolen
  adjective (neuter)
  past passive participle
  Derived from root hṛ- (to seize, carry off)
  Root: hṛ (class 1)
• rājya – kingdom, sovereignty
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from rājan (king)

Note: Agrees with Yudhiṣṭhiram.

युधिष्ठिरम् (yudhiṣṭhiram) - Yudhishthira (Yudhishthira (a name))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhishthira (eldest of the Pandavas); firm in battle

Compound type : aluk-samāsa (or tatpuruṣa) (yudhi+sthira)

• yudh – battle, fight
  noun (feminine)
• sthira – firm, steady, stable
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

पराजितम् (parājitam) - defeated (defeated, conquered)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of parājita

parājita - defeated, conquered, overcome

past passive participle

Derived from root ji- (to conquer) with prefix parā-

Prefix: parā

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Agrees with Yudhiṣṭhiram.

सौबलेन (saubalena) - by the son of Subala (Shakuni) (by the son of Subala)

(noun)

masculine, singular of saubala

saubala - son of Subala (a name, often referring to Shakuni)

Patronymic from Subala

अक्षवत्याम् (akṣavatyām) - in the dice game (assembly hall) (in the dice game)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of akṣavatī

akṣavatī - dice-playing (assembly) hall

Derived from akṣa (dice) with suffix -vatī

अन्वागतम् (anvāgatam) - accompanied (followed, accompanied)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of anu-ā-gata

gata - gone, arrived, followed

past passive participle

Derived from root gam- (to go) with prefixes anu-ā-

Prefixes: anu+ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with Yudhiṣṭhiram.

भ्रातृभिः (bhrātṛbhiḥ) - by his brothers (by brothers)

(noun)

masculine, plural of bhrātṛ

bhrātṛ - brother

अप्रमेयौः (aprameyauḥ) - by unparalleled (by incomparable, by immeasurable)

(adjective)

masculine, plural of aprameya

aprameya - immeasurable, immense, incomparable, unperceivable

Derived from pra-mā- (to measure) with negative prefix a-

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+prameya)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• prameya – measurable, provable, knowable
  adjective (masculine)
  future passive participle
  Derived from root mā- (to measure) with prefix pra-
  Prefix: pra
  Root: mā (class 3)

Note: Agrees with bhrātṛbhiḥ.

तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

आशंसे (āśaṁse) - I lost hope (I hope, I wish)

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of ā-śaṃs

Prefix: ā

Root: śaṃs (class 1)

Note: With 'na', it means 'I do not hope'.

विजयाय (vijayāya) - for victory

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of vijaya

vijaya - victory, triumph, conquest

action noun

Derived from root ji- (to conquer) with prefix vi-

Prefix: vi

Root: ji (class 1)

संजय (saṁjaya) - O Sanjaya

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Sanjaya (name of Dhritarashtra's charioteer)