महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-1, verse-108

यदाश्रौषं स्नातकानां सहस्रैरन्वागतं धर्मराजं वनस्थम् ।
भिक्षाभुजां ब्राह्मणानां महात्मनां तदा नाशंसे विजयाय संजय ॥१०८॥

108. yadāśrauṣaṁ snātakānāṁ sahasrai;ranvāgataṁ dharmarājaṁ vanastham ,
bhikṣābhujāṁ brāhmaṇānāṁ mahātmanāṁ; tadā nāśaṁse vijayāya saṁjaya.

108. yadā aśrauṣam snātakānām sahasraiḥ
anvāgatam dharmarājam vanastham
bhikṣābhujām brāhmaṇānām mahātmanām
tadā na āśaṃse vijayāya saṃjaya

108. Sañjaya, when I heard that Dharmarāja, dwelling in the forest, was accompanied by thousands of *snātaka*s and great-souled Brahmins subsisting on alms, I then no longer hoped for victory.

Words meanings summery:

• यदा (yadā) - when (when, at which time)

• अश्रौषम् (aśrauṣam) - I heard

• स्नातकानाम् (snātakānām) - of snātakas (of graduates (who have completed their Vedic studies))

• सहस्रैः (sahasraiḥ) - by thousands

• अन्वागतम् (anvāgatam) - accompanied (followed, accompanied, arrived)

• धर्मराजम् (dharmarājam) - Dharmarāja (Yudhishthira) (Dharmarāja (King of Dharma, a title for Yudhishthira))

• वनस्थम् (vanastham) - dwelling in the forest (dwelling in the forest, living in the woods)

• भिक्षाभुजाम् (bhikṣābhujām) - of those living on alms (of those who subsist on alms)

• ब्राह्मणानाम् (brāhmaṇānām) - of Brahmins

• महात्मनाम् (mahātmanām) - of great-souled (Brahmins) (of great-souled, noble ones)

• तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• आशंसे (āśaṁse) - I hope (for victory) (I hope, I expect)

• विजयाय (vijayāya) - for victory (for victory, to victory)

• संजय (saṁjaya) - O Sañjaya (O Sañjaya (vocative))

Words meanings and morphology

यदा (yadā) - when (when, at which time)

(indeclinable)

अश्रौषम् (aśrauṣam) - I heard

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, past (luṅ) of śru

root of the 5th conjugation (śṛṇoti)

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: augment 'a' indicates past tense

स्नातकानाम् (snātakānām) - of snātakas (of graduates (who have completed their Vedic studies))

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of snātaka

snātaka - one who has bathed (after completing Vedic studies), a graduate of sacred science, a Brahmin who has finished his studentship

agent noun

from root snā (to bathe) + suffix -aka

Root: snā

सहस्रैः (sahasraiḥ) - by thousands

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of sahasra

sahasra - a thousand, numerous

अन्वागतम् (anvāgatam) - accompanied (followed, accompanied, arrived)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of anvāgata

anvāgata - followed, accompanied, arrived

past passive participle

from anu + ā + gam (to go)

Prefixes: anu+ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with dharmarājam

धर्मराजम् (dharmarājam) - Dharmarāja (Yudhishthira) (Dharmarāja (King of Dharma, a title for Yudhishthira))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharmarāja

dharmarāja - King of righteousness, Yama (god of death and justice), Yudhishthira

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+rājan)

• dharma – duty, righteousness, law, virtue
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Object of 'heard' and agrees with anvāgatam

वनस्थम् (vanastham) - dwelling in the forest (dwelling in the forest, living in the woods)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vanastha

vanastha - dwelling in the forest, hermit

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vana+stha)

• vana – forest, wood, grove
  noun (neuter)
• stha – standing, staying, situated in
  adjective (masculine)
  from root sthā (to stand)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Agrees with dharmarājam

भिक्षाभुजाम् (bhikṣābhujām) - of those living on alms (of those who subsist on alms)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of bhikṣābhuja

bhikṣābhuja - eating alms, subsisting on alms

from bhikṣā (alms) + bhuj (to eat)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhikṣā+bhuja)

• bhikṣā – alms, begging, charity
  noun (feminine)
  action noun
  from root bhikṣ (to beg)
  Root: bhikṣ (class 1)
• bhuja – eating, enjoying (agent noun)
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun
  from root bhuj (to eat)
  Root: bhuj (class 7)

Note: Agrees with brāhmaṇānām

ब्राह्मणानाम् (brāhmaṇānām) - of Brahmins

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - a Brahmin, a member of the priestly class

descendant of Brahmā, related to brahman (sacred knowledge)

महात्मनाम् (mahātmanām) - of great-souled (Brahmins) (of great-souled, noble ones)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble, magnanimous, great

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahat+ātman)

• mahat – great, large, vast
  adjective (neuter)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with brāhmaṇānām

तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

Note: Correlates with yadā

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle of negation

आशंसे (āśaṁse) - I hope (for victory) (I hope, I expect)

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of āśaṃs

from ā + śaṃs (to praise, declare)

Prefix: ā

Root: śaṃs (class 1)

Note: Ātmanepada form

विजयाय (vijayāya) - for victory (for victory, to victory)

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of vijaya

vijaya - victory, triumph, conquest, success

action noun

from vi + ji (to conquer)

Prefix: vi

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Expresses purpose

संजय (saṁjaya) - O Sañjaya (O Sañjaya (vocative))

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Sañjaya (proper name), victory, conquest

Note: Address to Sañjaya