महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-1, verse-108

यदाश्रौषं स्नातकानां सहस्रैरन्वागतं धर्मराजं वनस्थम् ।
भिक्षाभुजां ब्राह्मणानां महात्मनां तदा नाशंसे विजयाय संजय ॥१०८॥

108. yadāśrauṣaṁ snātakānāṁ sahasrai;ranvāgataṁ dharmarājaṁ vanastham ,
bhikṣābhujāṁ brāhmaṇānāṁ mahātmanāṁ; tadā nāśaṁse vijayāya saṁjaya.

108. yadā aśrauṣam snātakānām sahasraiḥ
anvāgatam dharmarājam vanastham
bhikṣābhujām brāhmaṇānām mahātmanām
tadā na āśaṃse vijayāya saṃjaya

108. Sañjaya, when I heard that Dharmarāja, dwelling in the forest, was accompanied by thousands of *snātaka*s and great-souled Brahmins subsisting on alms, I then no longer hoped for victory.

108. כששמעתי שאלפי בוגרי לימודים, בְּרַהְמִינים גדולי נפש החיים מנדבות, ליוו את דְהַרְמַרָאג׳ַה (יוּדְהִישְׁתְהִירַה) שחי ביער, אז, הו סַנְג׳ַיַה, לא קיויתי לניצחון.

Words meanings summery:

• यदा (yadā) - when (when, at which time)

• अश्रौषम् (aśrauṣam) - I heard

• स्नातकानाम् (snātakānām) - of snātakas (of graduates (who have completed their Vedic studies))

• सहस्रैः (sahasraiḥ) - by thousands

• अन्वागतम् (anvāgatam) - accompanied (followed, accompanied, arrived)

• धर्मराजम् (dharmarājam) - Dharmarāja (Yudhishthira) (Dharmarāja (King of Dharma, a title for Yudhishthira))

• वनस्थम् (vanastham) - dwelling in the forest (dwelling in the forest, living in the woods)

• भिक्षाभुजाम् (bhikṣābhujām) - of those living on alms (of those who subsist on alms)

• ब्राह्मणानाम् (brāhmaṇānām) - of Brahmins

• महात्मनाम् (mahātmanām) - of great-souled (Brahmins) (of great-souled, noble ones)

• तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• आशंसे (āśaṁse) - I hope (for victory) (I hope, I expect)

• विजयाय (vijayāya) - for victory (for victory, to victory)

• संजय (saṁjaya) - O Sañjaya (O Sañjaya (vocative))

Words meanings and morphology

यदा (yadā) - when (when, at which time)

(indeclinable)

अश्रौषम् (aśrauṣam) - I heard

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, past (luṅ) of śru

root of the 5th conjugation (śṛṇoti)

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: augment 'a' indicates past tense

स्नातकानाम् (snātakānām) - of snātakas (of graduates (who have completed their Vedic studies))

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of snātaka

snātaka - one who has bathed (after completing Vedic studies), a graduate of sacred science, a Brahmin who has finished his studentship

agent noun

from root snā (to bathe) + suffix -aka

Root: snā

सहस्रैः (sahasraiḥ) - by thousands

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of sahasra

sahasra - a thousand, numerous

अन्वागतम् (anvāgatam) - accompanied (followed, accompanied, arrived)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of anvāgata

anvāgata - followed, accompanied, arrived

past passive participle

from anu + ā + gam (to go)

Prefixes: anu+ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with dharmarājam

धर्मराजम् (dharmarājam) - Dharmarāja (Yudhishthira) (Dharmarāja (King of Dharma, a title for Yudhishthira))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharmarāja

dharmarāja - King of righteousness, Yama (god of death and justice), Yudhishthira

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+rājan)

• dharma – duty, righteousness, law, virtue
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Object of 'heard' and agrees with anvāgatam

वनस्थम् (vanastham) - dwelling in the forest (dwelling in the forest, living in the woods)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vanastha

vanastha - dwelling in the forest, hermit

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vana+stha)

• vana – forest, wood, grove
  noun (neuter)
• stha – standing, staying, situated in
  adjective (masculine)
  from root sthā (to stand)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Agrees with dharmarājam

भिक्षाभुजाम् (bhikṣābhujām) - of those living on alms (of those who subsist on alms)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of bhikṣābhuja

bhikṣābhuja - eating alms, subsisting on alms

from bhikṣā (alms) + bhuj (to eat)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhikṣā+bhuja)

• bhikṣā – alms, begging, charity
  noun (feminine)
  action noun
  from root bhikṣ (to beg)
  Root: bhikṣ (class 1)
• bhuja – eating, enjoying (agent noun)
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun
  from root bhuj (to eat)
  Root: bhuj (class 7)

Note: Agrees with brāhmaṇānām

ब्राह्मणानाम् (brāhmaṇānām) - of Brahmins

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - a Brahmin, a member of the priestly class

descendant of Brahmā, related to brahman (sacred knowledge)

महात्मनाम् (mahātmanām) - of great-souled (Brahmins) (of great-souled, noble ones)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble, magnanimous, great

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahat+ātman)

• mahat – great, large, vast
  adjective (neuter)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with brāhmaṇānām

तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

Note: Correlates with yadā

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle of negation

आशंसे (āśaṁse) - I hope (for victory) (I hope, I expect)

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of āśaṃs

from ā + śaṃs (to praise, declare)

Prefix: ā

Root: śaṃs (class 1)

Note: Ātmanepada form

विजयाय (vijayāya) - for victory (for victory, to victory)

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of vijaya

vijaya - victory, triumph, conquest, success

action noun

from vi + ji (to conquer)

Prefix: vi

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Expresses purpose

संजय (saṁjaya) - O Sañjaya (O Sañjaya (vocative))

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Sañjaya (proper name), victory, conquest

Note: Address to Sañjaya

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