महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-1, verse-144

यदाश्रौषं द्रौणिना द्वैरथस्थं माद्रीपुत्रं नकुलं लोकमध्ये ।
समं युद्धे पाण्डवं युध्यमानं तदा नाशंसे विजयाय संजय ॥१४४॥

144. yadāśrauṣaṁ drauṇinā dvairathasthaṁ; mādrīputraṁ nakulaṁ lokamadhye ,
samaṁ yuddhe pāṇḍavaṁ yudhyamānaṁ; tadā nāśaṁse vijayāya saṁjaya.

144. yadā aśrauṣam drauṇinā dvairathastham
mādrīputram nakulam lokamadhye
samam yuddhe pāṇḍavam yudhyamānam
tadā na āśaṃse vijayāya saṃjaya

144. When I heard that Nakula, the son of Madri and a Pandava, was fairly fighting in a chariot duel against Drona's son amidst the multitude of warriors, then, O Sanjaya, I gave up all hope for victory.

Words meanings summery:

• यदा (yadā) - when

• अश्रौषम् (aśrauṣam) - I heard

• द्रौणिना (drauṇinā) - by Droni, son of Drona (by Droni (Ashvatthama))

• द्वैरथस्थम् (dvairathastham) - engaged in a chariot duel (standing in a chariot duel)

• माद्रीपुत्रम् (mādrīputram) - son of Madri (Nakula) (son of Madri)

• नकुलम् (nakulam) - Nakula

• लोकमध्ये (lokamadhye) - in the midst of the warriors/army (in the midst of the world/people/army)

• समम् (samam) - fairly (equally, fairly, impartially)

• युद्धे (yuddhe) - in battle (in battle, in war)

• पाण्डवम् (pāṇḍavam) - the Pandava (Nakula) (a Pandava)

• युध्यमानम् (yudhyamānam) - fighting (fighting, engaged in battle)

• तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

• न (na) - not

• आशंसे (āśaṁse) - I hope (for) (I hope, I expect)

• विजयाय (vijayāya) - for victory

• संजय (saṁjaya) - O Sanjaya

Words meanings and morphology

यदा (yadā) - when

(indeclinable)

अश्रौषम् (aśrauṣam) - I heard

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, past perfect (luṅ) of śru

root

Root: śru (class 5)

द्रौणिना (drauṇinā) - by Droni, son of Drona (by Droni (Ashvatthama))

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of drauṇi

drauṇi - son of Drona (Ashvatthama)

Note: Refers to Ashvatthama.

द्वैरथस्थम् (dvairathastham) - engaged in a chariot duel (standing in a chariot duel)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dvairathastha

dvairathastha - standing in a two-chariot combat, engaged in a duel

Compound of dvairatha (two chariots/chariot duel) and stha (standing).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dvairatha+stha)

• dvairatha – two chariots, a chariot duel
  noun (masculine)
• stha – standing, staying, situated (root sthā)
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root sthā
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Modifies Nakula.

माद्रीपुत्रम् (mādrīputram) - son of Madri (Nakula) (son of Madri)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mādrīputra

mādrīputra - son of Madri

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mādrī+putra)

• mādrī – Madri (proper name)
  noun (feminine)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

Note: Modifies Nakula.

नकुलम् (nakulam) - Nakula

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nakula

nakula - Nakula (proper name); a mongoose

लोकमध्ये (lokamadhye) - in the midst of the warriors/army (in the midst of the world/people/army)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of lokamadhya

lokamadhya - the middle of the world, in public, amidst the people/assembly

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (loka+madhya)

• loka – world, people, assembly, multitude
  noun (masculine)
• madhya – middle, center
  noun (neuter)

Note: Refers to the public gaze of the battlefield.

समम् (samam) - fairly (equally, fairly, impartially)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sama

sama - equal, even, fair, impartial

Note: Adverbial usage.

युद्धे (yuddhe) - in battle (in battle, in war)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, war, fight

पाण्डवम् (pāṇḍavam) - the Pandava (Nakula) (a Pandava)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pandu, a Pandava

Note: Modifies Nakula.

युध्यमानम् (yudhyamānam) - fighting (fighting, engaged in battle)

(nominal form)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yudh

yudh - to fight, to contend

present participle (middle)

Present participle, middle voice, from root yudh

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Modifies Nakula.

तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

आशंसे (āśaṁse) - I hope (for) (I hope, I expect)

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of śaṃs

Root śaṃs with prefix ā (to hope for)

Prefix: ā

Root: śaṃs (class 1)

विजयाय (vijayāya) - for victory

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of vijaya

vijaya - victory, triumph, conquest

संजय (saṁjaya) - O Sanjaya

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Sanjaya (proper name)