महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-1, verse-144

यदाश्रौषं द्रौणिना द्वैरथस्थं माद्रीपुत्रं नकुलं लोकमध्ये ।
समं युद्धे पाण्डवं युध्यमानं तदा नाशंसे विजयाय संजय ॥१४४॥

144. yadāśrauṣaṁ drauṇinā dvairathasthaṁ; mādrīputraṁ nakulaṁ lokamadhye ,
samaṁ yuddhe pāṇḍavaṁ yudhyamānaṁ; tadā nāśaṁse vijayāya saṁjaya.

144. yadā aśrauṣam drauṇinā dvairathastham
mādrīputram nakulam lokamadhye
samam yuddhe pāṇḍavam yudhyamānam
tadā na āśaṃse vijayāya saṃjaya

144. When I heard that Nakula, the son of Madri and a Pandava, was fairly fighting in a chariot duel against Drona's son amidst the multitude of warriors, then, O Sanjaya, I gave up all hope for victory.

144. כאשר שמעתי שנַקוּלַה בן מָאדְרִי נלחם בדו קרב מרכבות מול בן דְרוֹנַה (אַשְׁוַטְטְהָאמַן) לעיני כל העולם, ושהפָּאנְדַוַה הזה נלחם בו בשוויון, אז, הו סַנְג׳ַיַה, איבדתי כל תקווה לניצחון.

Words meanings summery:

• यदा (yadā) - when

• अश्रौषम् (aśrauṣam) - I heard

• द्रौणिना (drauṇinā) - by Droni, son of Drona (by Droni (Ashvatthama))

• द्वैरथस्थम् (dvairathastham) - engaged in a chariot duel (standing in a chariot duel)

• माद्रीपुत्रम् (mādrīputram) - son of Madri (Nakula) (son of Madri)

• नकुलम् (nakulam) - Nakula

• लोकमध्ये (lokamadhye) - in the midst of the warriors/army (in the midst of the world/people/army)

• समम् (samam) - fairly (equally, fairly, impartially)

• युद्धे (yuddhe) - in battle (in battle, in war)

• पाण्डवम् (pāṇḍavam) - the Pandava (Nakula) (a Pandava)

• युध्यमानम् (yudhyamānam) - fighting (fighting, engaged in battle)

• तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

• न (na) - not

• आशंसे (āśaṁse) - I hope (for) (I hope, I expect)

• विजयाय (vijayāya) - for victory

• संजय (saṁjaya) - O Sanjaya

Words meanings and morphology

यदा (yadā) - when

(indeclinable)

अश्रौषम् (aśrauṣam) - I heard

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, past perfect (luṅ) of śru

root

Root: śru (class 5)

द्रौणिना (drauṇinā) - by Droni, son of Drona (by Droni (Ashvatthama))

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of drauṇi

drauṇi - son of Drona (Ashvatthama)

Note: Refers to Ashvatthama.

द्वैरथस्थम् (dvairathastham) - engaged in a chariot duel (standing in a chariot duel)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dvairathastha

dvairathastha - standing in a two-chariot combat, engaged in a duel

Compound of dvairatha (two chariots/chariot duel) and stha (standing).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dvairatha+stha)

• dvairatha – two chariots, a chariot duel
  noun (masculine)
• stha – standing, staying, situated (root sthā)
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root sthā
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Modifies Nakula.

माद्रीपुत्रम् (mādrīputram) - son of Madri (Nakula) (son of Madri)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mādrīputra

mādrīputra - son of Madri

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mādrī+putra)

• mādrī – Madri (proper name)
  noun (feminine)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

Note: Modifies Nakula.

नकुलम् (nakulam) - Nakula

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nakula

nakula - Nakula (proper name); a mongoose

लोकमध्ये (lokamadhye) - in the midst of the warriors/army (in the midst of the world/people/army)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of lokamadhya

lokamadhya - the middle of the world, in public, amidst the people/assembly

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (loka+madhya)

• loka – world, people, assembly, multitude
  noun (masculine)
• madhya – middle, center
  noun (neuter)

Note: Refers to the public gaze of the battlefield.

समम् (samam) - fairly (equally, fairly, impartially)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sama

sama - equal, even, fair, impartial

Note: Adverbial usage.

युद्धे (yuddhe) - in battle (in battle, in war)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, war, fight

पाण्डवम् (pāṇḍavam) - the Pandava (Nakula) (a Pandava)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pandu, a Pandava

Note: Modifies Nakula.

युध्यमानम् (yudhyamānam) - fighting (fighting, engaged in battle)

(nominal form)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yudh

yudh - to fight, to contend

present participle (middle)

Present participle, middle voice, from root yudh

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Modifies Nakula.

तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

आशंसे (āśaṁse) - I hope (for) (I hope, I expect)

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of śaṃs

Root śaṃs with prefix ā (to hope for)

Prefix: ā

Root: śaṃs (class 1)

विजयाय (vijayāya) - for victory

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of vijaya

vijaya - victory, triumph, conquest

संजय (saṁjaya) - O Sanjaya

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Sanjaya (proper name)

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