महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-1, verse-113

यदाश्रौषं यक्षरूपेण धर्मं समागतं धर्मराजेन सूत ।
प्रश्नानुक्तान्विब्रुवन्तं च सम्यक्तदा नाशंसे विजयाय संजय ॥११३॥

113. yadāśrauṣaṁ yakṣarūpeṇa dharmaṁ; samāgataṁ dharmarājena sūta ,
praśnānuktānvibruvantaṁ ca samya;ktadā nāśaṁse vijayāya saṁjaya.

113. yadā aśrauṣam yakṣarūpeṇa dharmam
samāgatam dharmarājena sūta
praśnān uktān vibruvantaṃ ca samyak
tadā na āśaṃse vijayāya saṃjaya

113. O Sañjaya, when I heard that Dharma, in the form of a Yakṣa, had come together with Dharmarāja (Yudhiṣṭhira), and (that Dharmarāja) was answering the posed questions perfectly, then I lost all hope for victory.

Words meanings summery:

• यदा (yadā) - when

• अश्रौषम् (aśrauṣam) - I heard

• यक्षरूपेण (yakṣarūpeṇa) - in the form of a Yakṣa

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - refers to the god Dharma who tested Yudhiṣṭhira (Dharma (the deity or righteousness))

• समागतम् (samāgatam) - having approached, having met, having come together

• धर्मराजेन (dharmarājena) - refers to Yudhiṣṭhira, the son of Dharma (by/with Dharmarāja (Yudhiṣṭhira))

• सूत (sūta) - O Sañjaya (vocative address) (O charioteer, O messenger)

• प्रश्नान् (praśnān) - questions

• उक्तान् (uktān) - the questions that were asked (spoken, asked)

• विब्रुवन्तं (vibruvantaṁ) - Yudhiṣṭhira answering (answering, speaking distinctly)

• च (ca) - and

• सम्यक् (samyak) - properly, well, perfectly

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• न (na) - not

• आशंसे (āśaṁse) - I had hope for, I hoped for (in past context) (I hope)

• विजयाय (vijayāya) - for victory

• संजय (saṁjaya) - O Sañjaya

Words meanings and morphology

यदा (yadā) - when

(indeclinable)

अश्रौषम् (aśrauṣam) - I heard

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, past aorist (luṅ) of śru

Root: śru (class 5)

यक्षरूपेण (yakṣarūpeṇa) - in the form of a Yakṣa

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of yakṣarūpa

yakṣarūpa - form of a Yakṣa, having the form of a Yakṣa

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (yakṣa+rūpa)

• yakṣa – a class of benevolent but sometimes mischievous nature-spirits, typically guardians of wealth hidden in the earth
  noun (masculine)
• rūpa – form, shape, appearance, nature, beauty
  noun (neuter)

धर्मम् (dharmam) - refers to the god Dharma who tested Yudhiṣṭhira (Dharma (the deity or righteousness))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - righteousness, duty, virtue, law, custom, religion, nature, essential quality, the deity Dharma

समागतम् (samāgatam) - having approached, having met, having come together

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of samāgata

samāgata - come together, met, approached, arrived

past passive participle

past passive participle of root gam with prefixes sam and ā

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: modifies 'dharmam'

धर्मराजेन (dharmarājena) - refers to Yudhiṣṭhira, the son of Dharma (by/with Dharmarāja (Yudhiṣṭhira))

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of dharmarāja

dharmarāja - king of Dharma; lord of righteousness; an epithet for Yudhiṣṭhira and Yama

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+rājan)

• dharma – righteousness, duty, virtue, law, custom, religion
  noun (masculine)
• rājan – king, ruler, sovereign
  noun (masculine)

सूत (sūta) - O Sañjaya (vocative address) (O charioteer, O messenger)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of sūta

sūta - charioteer, bard, herald, narrator (often used to address Sañjaya)

प्रश्नान् (praśnān) - questions

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of praśna

praśna - question, inquiry, problem

उक्तान् (uktān) - the questions that were asked (spoken, asked)

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, plural of ukta

ukta - spoken, said, told, uttered, mentioned, stated

past passive participle

past passive participle of root vac/uc

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: agrees with 'praśnān'

विब्रुवन्तं (vibruvantaṁ) - Yudhiṣṭhira answering (answering, speaking distinctly)

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vibruvat

vibruvat - speaking distinctly, explaining, answering

present active participle

present active participle of root brū with prefix vi

Prefix: vi

Root: brū (class 2)

Note: Refers to Yudhiṣṭhira (implied in accusative to match the participle).

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

सम्यक् (samyak) - properly, well, perfectly

(indeclinable)

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

आशंसे (āśaṁse) - I had hope for, I hoped for (in past context) (I hope)

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of āśaṃs

Prefix: ā

Root: śaṃs (class 1)

विजयाय (vijayāya) - for victory

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of vijaya

vijaya - victory, triumph, conquest

action noun

from root ji with prefix vi

Prefix: vi

Root: ji (class 1)

संजय (saṁjaya) - O Sañjaya

(proper_noun)