महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-1, verse-110

यदाश्रौषं त्रिदिवस्थं धनंजयं शक्रात्साक्षाद्दिव्यमस्त्रं यथावत् ।
अधीयानं शंसितं सत्यसंधं तदा नाशंसे विजयाय संजय ॥११०॥

110. yadāśrauṣaṁ tridivasthaṁ dhanaṁjayaṁ; śakrātsākṣāddivyamastraṁ yathāvat ,
adhīyānaṁ śaṁsitaṁ satyasaṁdhaṁ; tadā nāśaṁse vijayāya saṁjaya.

110. yadā aśrauṣam tridivastham dhanaṃjayam
śakrāt sākṣāt divyam astram
yathāvat adhīyānam śaṃsitam satyasaṃdham
tadā na āśaṃse vijayāya saṃjaya

110. Sañjaya, when I heard that Dhanañjaya, dwelling in heaven, was properly learning divine weapons directly from Śakra, and that he was celebrated and true to his vows, I then no longer hoped for victory.

Words meanings summery:

• यदा (yadā) - when (when, at which time)

• अश्रौषम् (aśrauṣam) - I heard

• त्रिदिवस्थम् (tridivastham) - dwelling in heaven (dwelling in the three heavens, dwelling in heaven)

• धनंजयम् (dhanaṁjayam) - Dhanañjaya (Arjuna) (Dhanañjaya (Arjuna, 'conqueror of wealth'))

• शक्रात् (śakrāt) - from Śakra (Indra)

• साक्षात् (sākṣāt) - directly (directly, in person, visibly)

• दिव्यम् (divyam) - divine (divine, heavenly)

• अस्त्रम् (astram) - weapon (weapon, missile)

• यथावत् (yathāvat) - properly (properly, exactly, according to rule)

• अधीयानम् (adhīyānam) - learning (studying, learning)

• शंसितम् (śaṁsitam) - celebrated, excellent (praised, celebrated, excellent)

• सत्यसंधम् (satyasaṁdham) - true to his vows (true to his vows, truthful)

• तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• आशंसे (āśaṁse) - I hope (for victory) (I hope, I expect)

• विजयाय (vijayāya) - for victory (for victory, to victory)

• संजय (saṁjaya) - O Sañjaya (O Sañjaya (vocative))

Words meanings and morphology

यदा (yadā) - when (when, at which time)

(indeclinable)

अश्रौषम् (aśrauṣam) - I heard

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, past (luṅ) of śru

root of the 5th conjugation (śṛṇoti)

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: augment 'a' indicates past tense

त्रिदिवस्थम् (tridivastham) - dwelling in heaven (dwelling in the three heavens, dwelling in heaven)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tridivastha

tridivastha - dwelling in the three heavens, living in heaven

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tridiva+stha)

• tridiva – heaven, paradise (lit. 'three heavens')
  noun (neuter)
• stha – standing, staying, situated in
  adjective (masculine)
  from root sthā (to stand)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Agrees with dhanaṃjayam

धनंजयम् (dhanaṁjayam) - Dhanañjaya (Arjuna) (Dhanañjaya (Arjuna, 'conqueror of wealth'))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dhanaṃjaya

dhanaṁjaya - conquering wealth, a proper name (Arjuna), fire

agent noun

from dhana (wealth) + ji (to conquer)

Compound type : upapada tatpuruṣa (dhana+jaya)

• dhana – wealth, riches, money
  noun (neuter)
• jaya – conquering, winning, victory (often agent noun)
  noun (masculine)
  agent noun
  from root ji (to conquer)
  Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Object of 'heard', and modified by subsequent adjectives

शक्रात् (śakrāt) - from Śakra (Indra)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of śakra

śakra - powerful, mighty, an epithet of Indra

Note: Indicates source 'from whom'

साक्षात् (sākṣāt) - directly (directly, in person, visibly)

(indeclinable)

Note: Modifies 'learning'

दिव्यम् (divyam) - divine (divine, heavenly)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of divya

divya - divine, celestial, heavenly, supernatural

from div (sky, heaven)

Note: Agrees with astram

अस्त्रम् (astram) - weapon (weapon, missile)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of astra

astra - weapon, missile, projectile

action noun

from as (to throw)

Root: as (class 4)

Note: Object of adhīyānam

यथावत् (yathāvat) - properly (properly, exactly, according to rule)

(indeclinable)

Note: Modifies adhīyānam

अधीयानम् (adhīyānam) - learning (studying, learning)

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of adhīyamāna

adhīyamāna - being studied, learning, reading

present passive participle (functioning as active for middle verb)

from adhi + i (to go/study) + śānac

Prefix: adhi

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Agrees with dhanaṃjayam

शंसितम् (śaṁsitam) - celebrated, excellent (praised, celebrated, excellent)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śaṃsita

śaṁsita - praised, celebrated, commended, excellent

past passive participle

from root śaṃs (to praise)

Root: śaṃs (class 1)

Note: Agrees with dhanaṃjayam

सत्यसंधम् (satyasaṁdham) - true to his vows (true to his vows, truthful)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of satyasaṃdha

satyasaṁdha - true to his promises/vows, truthful, faithful

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (satya+saṃdha)

• satya – truth, true, real
  noun/adjective (neuter)
• saṃdha – agreement, promise, vow (from saṃdhā - to bind, promise)
  noun (masculine)
  action noun
  from sam + dhā
  Prefix: sam
  Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Agrees with dhanaṃjayam

तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

Note: Correlates with yadā

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle of negation

आशंसे (āśaṁse) - I hope (for victory) (I hope, I expect)

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of āśaṃs

from ā + śaṃs (to praise, declare)

Prefix: ā

Root: śaṃs (class 1)

Note: Ātmanepada form

विजयाय (vijayāya) - for victory (for victory, to victory)

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of vijaya

vijaya - victory, triumph, conquest, success

action noun

from vi + ji (to conquer)

Prefix: vi

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Expresses purpose

संजय (saṁjaya) - O Sañjaya (O Sañjaya (vocative))

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Sañjaya (proper name), victory, conquest

Note: Address to Sañjaya