महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-1, verse-151

यदाश्रौषं पाण्डवांस्तिष्ठमानान्गङ्गाह्रदे वासुदेवेन सार्धम् ।
अमर्षणं धर्षयतः सुतं मे तदा नाशंसे विजयाय संजय ॥१५१॥

151. yadāśrauṣaṁ pāṇḍavāṁstiṣṭhamānā;ngaṅgāhrade vāsudevena sārdham ,
amarṣaṇaṁ dharṣayataḥ sutaṁ me; tadā nāśaṁse vijayāya saṁjaya.

151. yadā aśrauṣam pāṇḍavān tiṣṭhamānān
gaṅgāhrade vāsudevena sārdham
| amarṣaṇam dharṣayataḥ sutam me
tadā na āśaṃse vijayāya sañjaya

151. O Sañjaya, when I heard that the Pāṇḍavas, standing by the Gaṅgā lake together with Vāsudeva (Kṛṣṇa), were challenging my impatient son, then I lost all hope for victory.

Words meanings summery:

• यदा (yadā) - when (when, at which time)

• अश्रौषम् (aśrauṣam) - I heard

• पाण्डवान् (pāṇḍavān) - the Pāṇḍavas (the Pāṇḍavas, descendants of Pāṇḍu)

• तिष्ठमानान् (tiṣṭhamānān) - standing (standing, remaining, existing)

• गङ्गाह्रदे (gaṅgāhrade) - by the Gaṅgā lake (in the Gaṅgā lake/pool)

• वासुदेवेन (vāsudevena) - together with Vāsudeva (Kṛṣṇa) (by Vāsudeva (Kṛṣṇa))

• सार्धम् (sārdham) - together with (together with, along with)

• अमर्षणम् (amarṣaṇam) - my impatient son (intolerant, impatient, indignant, furious)

• धर्षयतः (dharṣayataḥ) - challenging (challenging, overpowering, assailing)

• सुतम् (sutam) - son

• मे (me) - my (my, of me)

• तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• आशंसे (āśaṁse) - I hope (I hope, I wish, I expect)

• विजयाय (vijayāya) - for victory (for victory, for triumph)

• सञ्जय (sañjaya) - O Sanjaya (Sanjaya)

Words meanings and morphology

यदा (yadā) - when (when, at which time)

(indeclinable)

अश्रौषम् (aśrauṣam) - I heard

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, past aorist (luṅ) of śru

Root: śru (class 5)

पाण्डवान् (pāṇḍavān) - the Pāṇḍavas (the Pāṇḍavas, descendants of Pāṇḍu)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu, a Pāṇḍava prince

patronymic from Pāṇḍu

तिष्ठमानान् (tiṣṭhamānān) - standing (standing, remaining, existing)

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tiṣṭhamāna

tiṣṭhamāna - standing, remaining, being present

present participle

from root sthā (to stand), ātmanepada

Root: sthā (class 1)

गङ्गाह्रदे (gaṅgāhrade) - by the Gaṅgā lake (in the Gaṅgā lake/pool)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of gaṅgāhrada

gaṅgāhrada - a lake or deep pool connected with the Gaṅgā river

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (gaṅgā+hrada)

• gaṅgā – the river Gaṅgā
  noun (feminine)
• hrada – lake, deep pool of water
  noun (masculine)

वासुदेवेन (vāsudevena) - together with Vāsudeva (Kṛṣṇa) (by Vāsudeva (Kṛṣṇa))

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vāsudeva

vāsudeva - Kṛṣṇa (son of Vasudeva), related to Vasudeva

patronymic from Vasudeva

Note: Used with 'sārdham' for 'together with'.

सार्धम् (sārdham) - together with (together with, along with)

(indeclinable)

अमर्षणम् (amarṣaṇam) - my impatient son (intolerant, impatient, indignant, furious)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of amarṣaṇa

amarṣaṇa - impatient, intolerant, indignant, furious, hostile

negation of marṣaṇa (patient)

Prefix: a

Root: mṛṣ (class 4)

धर्षयतः (dharṣayataḥ) - challenging (challenging, overpowering, assailing)

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, plural of dharṣayat

dharṣayat - challenging, overpowering, assailing

present participle (causative)

from causative of root dhṛṣ (to dare, challenge)

Root: dhṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'Pāṇḍavān' (Pāṇḍavas).

सुतम् (sutam) - son

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of suta

suta - son, offspring, child

मे (me) - my (my, of me)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of mad

mad - I, me

तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

आशंसे (āśaṁse) - I hope (I hope, I wish, I expect)

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of ā-śaṃs

Prefix: ā

Root: śaṃs (class 1)

विजयाय (vijayāya) - for victory (for victory, for triumph)

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of vijaya

vijaya - victory, triumph, conquest

action noun

from vi-ji (to conquer)

Prefix: vi

Root: ji (class 1)

सञ्जय (sañjaya) - O Sanjaya (Sanjaya)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of sañjaya

sañjaya - Sanjaya (name of Dhṛtarāṣṭra's charioteer and narrator)

Prefix: sam

Root: ji (class 1)