महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-1, verse-104

यदाश्रौषं देवराजं प्रवृष्टं शरैर्दिव्यैर्वारितं चार्जुनेन ।
अग्निं तथा तर्पितं खाण्डवे च तदा नाशंसे विजयाय संजय ॥१०४॥

104. yadāśrauṣaṁ devarājaṁ pravṛṣṭaṁ; śarairdivyairvāritaṁ cārjunena ,
agniṁ tathā tarpitaṁ khāṇḍave ca; tadā nāśaṁse vijayāya saṁjaya.

104. yadā aśrauṣam devarājam pravṛṣṭam
śaraiḥ divyaiḥ vāritam ca arjunena
agnim tathā tarpitam khāṇḍave
ca tadā na āśaṃse vijayāya saṃjaya

104. O Sanjaya, when I heard that the king of gods (Indra), who was showering rain, was repelled by Arjuna with divine arrows, and that Agni was thus appeased in the Khāṇḍava forest, then I lost hope for victory.

Words meanings summery:

• यदा (yadā) - when (when, at what time)

• अश्रौषम् (aśrauṣam) - I heard

• देवराजम् (devarājam) - the king of gods (Indra) (the king of gods)

• प्रवृष्टम् (pravṛṣṭam) - showering (rain) (rained, poured down, showering)

• शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows (by arrows, with arrows)

• दिव्यैः (divyaiḥ) - with divine (by divine, with divine)

• वारितम् (vāritam) - repelled, stopped (stopped, prevented, warded off)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• अर्जुनेन (arjunena) - by Arjuna

• अग्निम् (agnim) - Agni (god of fire) (fire, god of fire (Agni))

• तथा (tathā) - thus, similarly (thus, so, in the same way)

• तर्पितम् (tarpitam) - appeased (satisfied, appeased, gratified)

• खाण्डवे (khāṇḍave) - in the Khāṇḍava forest

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• आशंसे (āśaṁse) - I lost hope (I hope, I wish)

• विजयाय (vijayāya) - for victory

• संजय (saṁjaya) - O Sanjaya

Words meanings and morphology

यदा (yadā) - when (when, at what time)

(indeclinable)

अश्रौषम् (aśrauṣam) - I heard

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, aorist (luṅ) of śru

Root: śru (class 5)

देवराजम् (devarājam) - the king of gods (Indra) (the king of gods)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of devarāja

devarāja - king of gods (Indra)

Compound type : tatpurusha (deva+rājan)

• deva – god, deity
  noun (masculine)
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

प्रवृष्टम् (pravṛṣṭam) - showering (rain) (rained, poured down, showering)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pravṛṣṭa

pravṛṣṭa - rained, poured, showered (esp. rain)

past passive participle

Derived from root vṛṣ- (to rain) with prefix pra-

Prefix: pra

Root: vṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with devarājam. Refers to Indra showering rain.

शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows (by arrows, with arrows)

(noun)

masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow, reed

दिव्यैः (divyaiḥ) - with divine (by divine, with divine)

(adjective)

masculine, plural of divya

divya - divine, heavenly, celestial

Derived from div (heaven, sky)

Note: Agrees with śaraiḥ.

वारितम् (vāritam) - repelled, stopped (stopped, prevented, warded off)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vārita

vārita - stopped, prevented, warded off, prohibited

causative past passive participle

Causative of root vṛ- (to cover, enclose)

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Agrees with devarājam.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

अर्जुनेन (arjunena) - by Arjuna

(noun)

masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - Arjuna (one of the Pandavas); white, silver

अग्निम् (agnim) - Agni (god of fire) (fire, god of fire (Agni))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of agni

agni - fire, god of fire

तथा (tathā) - thus, similarly (thus, so, in the same way)

(indeclinable)

तर्पितम् (tarpitam) - appeased (satisfied, appeased, gratified)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tarpita

tarpita - satisfied, appeased, gratified, refreshed

causative past passive participle

Causative of root tṛp- (to be satisfied, rejoice)

Root: tṛp (class 4)

Note: Agrees with agnim.

खाण्डवे (khāṇḍave) - in the Khāṇḍava forest

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of khāṇḍava

khāṇḍava - Khāṇḍava (name of a forest)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

आशंसे (āśaṁse) - I lost hope (I hope, I wish)

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of ā-śaṃs

Prefix: ā

Root: śaṃs (class 1)

Note: With 'na', it means 'I do not hope'.

विजयाय (vijayāya) - for victory

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of vijaya

vijaya - victory, triumph, conquest

action noun

Derived from root ji- (to conquer) with prefix vi-

Prefix: vi

Root: ji (class 1)

संजय (saṁjaya) - O Sanjaya

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Sanjaya (name of Dhritarashtra's charioteer)