महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-1, verse-136

यदाश्रौषं श्रान्तहये धनंजये मुक्त्वा हयान्पाययित्वोपवृत्तान् ।
पुनर्युक्त्वा वासुदेवं प्रयातं तदा नाशंसे विजयाय संजय ॥१३६॥

136. yadāśrauṣaṁ śrāntahaye dhanaṁjaye; muktvā hayānpāyayitvopavṛttān ,
punaryuktvā vāsudevaṁ prayātaṁ; tadā nāśaṁse vijayāya saṁjaya.

136. yadā aśrauṣam śrāntahaye dhanaṃjaye
muktvā hayān pāyayitvā upavṛttān
punar yuktvā vāsudevam prayātam
tadā na āśaṃse vijayāya saṃjaya

136. O Sañjaya, when I heard that Dhananjaya, whose horses were weary, having unyoked and watered the refreshed horses and yoked them again, and that Vāsudeva then proceeded with the chariot, then I lost all hope for victory.

136. כאשר שמעתי שסוסיו של אַרְג׳וּנַה (דְהַנַנְג׳ַיַה) התעייפו, ושוָאסוּדֵוַה שחרר את הסוסים, השקה אותם, הרגיע אותם, רתם אותם שוב והמשיך בדרכו, אז, הו סַנְג׳ַיַה, איבדתי כל תקווה לניצחון.

Words meanings summery:

• यदा (yadā) - when (when, at which time)

• अश्रौषम् (aśrauṣam) - I heard

• श्रान्तहये (śrāntahaye) - whose horses were weary (whose horses are weary, with weary horses)

• धनंजये (dhanaṁjaye) - (when) Dhananjaya (had...) / regarding Dhananjaya (in/on Dhananjaya (Arjuna))

• मुक्त्वा (muktvā) - having unyoked (having released, having unyoked)

• हयान् (hayān) - the horses (horses (acc. pl.))

• पाययित्वा (pāyayitvā) - having watered (the horses) (having made to drink, having watered)

• उपवृत्तान् (upavṛttān) - restored (after being watered/rested) (returned, come back, restored)

• पुनर् (punar) - again (again, back, anew)

• युक्त्वा (yuktvā) - having yoked (the horses) (having yoked, having joined)

• वासुदेवम् (vāsudevam) - Vāsudeva (Kṛṣṇa)

• प्रयातम् (prayātam) - proceeded (on the journey) (departed, gone forth, proceeded)

• तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• आशंसे (āśaṁse) - I hoped (for victory) (I hope, I expect)

• विजयाय (vijayāya) - for victory

• संजय (saṁjaya) - O Sañjaya (O Sañjaya (proper name))

Words meanings and morphology

यदा (yadā) - when (when, at which time)

(indeclinable)

अश्रौषम् (aśrauṣam) - I heard

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, aorist (luṅ) of śru

Root: śru (class 5)

श्रान्तहये (śrāntahaye) - whose horses were weary (whose horses are weary, with weary horses)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of śrāntahaya

śrāntahaya - having weary horses

compound adjective

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (śrānta+haya)

• śrānta – weary, tired, exhausted
  adjective (masculine)
  past participle
  root śram + kta
  Root: śram (class 4)
• haya – horse
  noun (masculine)

धनंजये (dhanaṁjaye) - (when) Dhananjaya (had...) / regarding Dhananjaya (in/on Dhananjaya (Arjuna))

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of dhanaṃjaya

dhanaṁjaya - conqueror of wealth, Arjuna (proper name), fire

agent noun

dhana + √ji + a

Compound type : upapada-tatpuruṣa (dhana+jaya)

• dhana – wealth, riches, treasure
  noun (neuter)
• jaya – victory, conquest, victorious
  noun (masculine)
  action noun
  root ji + a (ac)
  Root: ji (class 1)

मुक्त्वा (muktvā) - having unyoked (having released, having unyoked)

(indeclinable)

gerund

gerundive suffix -tvā

Root: muc (class 6)

हयान् (hayān) - the horses (horses (acc. pl.))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of haya

haya - horse

Root: hi (class 5)

पाययित्वा (pāyayitvā) - having watered (the horses) (having made to drink, having watered)

(indeclinable)

gerund (causative)

causative stem pāyayi + -tvā

Root: pā (class 1)

उपवृत्तान् (upavṛttān) - restored (after being watered/rested) (returned, come back, restored)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of upavṛtta

upavṛtta - returned, come back, restored

past participle

upa + vṛt + kta

Prefix: upa

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: modifies hayān

पुनर् (punar) - again (again, back, anew)

(indeclinable)

युक्त्वा (yuktvā) - having yoked (the horses) (having yoked, having joined)

(indeclinable)

gerund

gerundive suffix -tvā

Root: yuj (class 7)

वासुदेवम् (vāsudevam) - Vāsudeva (Kṛṣṇa)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vāsudeva

vāsudeva - son of Vasudeva, Krishna

patronymic from Vasudeva

प्रयातम् (prayātam) - proceeded (on the journey) (departed, gone forth, proceeded)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of prayāta

prayāta - departed, gone forth, proceeded

past participle

pra + yā + kta

Prefix: pra

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: modifies Vāsudevam

तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

आशंसे (āśaṁse) - I hoped (for victory) (I hope, I expect)

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of āśaṃs

Prefix: ā

Root: śaṃs (class 1)

Note: ātmanepada verb

विजयाय (vijayāya) - for victory

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of vijaya

vijaya - victory, conquest, triumph

action noun

vi + ji + a (ghañ)

Root: ji (class 1)

संजय (saṁjaya) - O Sañjaya (O Sañjaya (proper name))

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Saṃjaya (proper name), victory, complete conquest

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