महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-1, verse-145

यदा द्रोणे निहते द्रोणपुत्रो नारायणं दिव्यमस्त्रं विकुर्वन् ।
नैषामन्तं गतवान्पाण्डवानां तदा नाशंसे विजयाय संजय ॥१४५॥

145. yadā droṇe nihate droṇaputro; nārāyaṇaṁ divyamastraṁ vikurvan ,
naiṣāmantaṁ gatavānpāṇḍavānāṁ; tadā nāśaṁse vijayāya saṁjaya.

145. yadā droṇe nihate droṇaputraḥ
nārāyaṇam divyam astram vikurvan
na eṣām antam gatavān pāṇḍavānām
tadā na āśaṃse vijayāya saṃjaya

145. When Drona was killed, and Drona's son, even after deploying the divine Narayana weapon, could not bring about the end of those Pandavas, then, O Sanjaya, I gave up all hope for victory.

Words meanings summery:

• यदा (yadā) - when

• द्रोणे (droṇe) - Drona (in locative absolute) (in Drona, on Drona)

• निहते (nihate) - having been killed (having been killed, slain)

• द्रोणपुत्रः (droṇaputraḥ) - Drona's son (Ashvatthama) (son of Drona)

• नारायणम् (nārāyaṇam) - the Narayana weapon (belonging to Narayana, the Narayana weapon)

• दिव्यम् (divyam) - divine (divine, heavenly)

• अस्त्रम् (astram) - weapon (weapon, missile)

• विकुर्वन् (vikurvan) - employing, deploying (doing, performing, displaying, employing)

• न (na) - not

• एषाम् (eṣām) - of those (Pandavas) (of these (masc. or neuter))

• अन्तम् (antam) - end, destruction (end, limit, destruction)

• गतवान् (gatavān) - reached, brought about (an end) (gone, reached, obtained)

• पाण्डवानाम् (pāṇḍavānām) - of the Pandavas

• तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

• न (na) - not

• आशंसे (āśaṁse) - I hope (for) (I hope, I expect)

• विजयाय (vijayāya) - for victory

• संजय (saṁjaya) - O Sanjaya

Words meanings and morphology

यदा (yadā) - when

(indeclinable)

द्रोणे (droṇe) - Drona (in locative absolute) (in Drona, on Drona)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Drona (proper name)

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction.

निहते (nihate) - having been killed (having been killed, slain)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of han

han - to strike, to slay, to kill

past participle

Past participle of ni-han

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction, "when Drona was killed".

द्रोणपुत्रः (droṇaputraḥ) - Drona's son (Ashvatthama) (son of Drona)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of droṇaputra

droṇaputra - son of Drona

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (droṇa+putra)

• droṇa – Drona (proper name)
  noun (masculine)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to Ashvatthama.

नारायणम् (nārāyaṇam) - the Narayana weapon (belonging to Narayana, the Narayana weapon)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nārāyaṇa

nārāyaṇa - Narayana; belonging to Narayana

Derived from nārāyaṇa

Note: Modifies astram.

दिव्यम् (divyam) - divine (divine, heavenly)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of divya

divya - divine, heavenly, celestial

Note: Modifies astram.

अस्त्रम् (astram) - weapon (weapon, missile)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of astra

astra - missile, weapon

विकुर्वन् (vikurvan) - employing, deploying (doing, performing, displaying, employing)

(nominal form)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛ

kṛ - to do, to make

present participle

Present participle, active voice, of vi-kṛ ('to display', 'to use')

Prefix: vi

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Modifies droṇaputraḥ.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

एषाम् (eṣām) - of those (Pandavas) (of these (masc. or neuter))

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of idam

idam - this, these

Note: Refers to the Pandavas.

अन्तम् (antam) - end, destruction (end, limit, destruction)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of anta

anta - end, limit, boundary, death, destruction

गतवान् (gatavān) - reached, brought about (an end) (gone, reached, obtained)

(nominal form)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gam

gam - to go, to reach

past active participle (ktavatu)

Past active participle (ktavatu) of gam

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Modifies droṇaputraḥ.

पाण्डवानाम् (pāṇḍavānām) - of the Pandavas

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pandu, a Pandava

Note: Possessive, "the end of the Pandavas."

तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

आशंसे (āśaṁse) - I hope (for) (I hope, I expect)

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of śaṃs

Root śaṃs with prefix ā (to hope for)

Prefix: ā

Root: śaṃs (class 1)

विजयाय (vijayāya) - for victory

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of vijaya

vijaya - victory, triumph, conquest

संजय (saṁjaya) - O Sanjaya

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Sanjaya (proper name)