महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-1, verse-131

यदाश्रौषं चास्मदीयान्महारथान्व्यवस्थितानर्जुनस्यान्तकाय ।
संशप्तकान्निहतानर्जुनेन तदा नाशंसे विजयाय संजय ॥१३१॥

131. yadāśrauṣaṁ cāsmadīyānmahārathā;nvyavasthitānarjunasyāntakāya ,
saṁśaptakānnihatānarjunena; tadā nāśaṁse vijayāya saṁjaya.

131. yadā aśrauṣam ca asmadīyān mahārathān
vyavasthitān arjunasya
antakāya saṃśaptakān nihatān arjunena
tadā na āśaṃse vijayāya saṃjaya

131. When I heard that our great charioteers, the Saṃśaptakas, who were arrayed [to bring about] Arjuna's death, were themselves slain by Arjuna, then, Sañjaya, I lost all hope for victory.

Words meanings summery:

• यदा (yadā) - when (when, at which time)

• अश्रौषम् (aśrauṣam) - I heard

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• अस्मदीयान् (asmadīyān) - our (Kaurava) (our, belonging to us)

• महारथान् (mahārathān) - great warriors, great generals (great charioteers)

• व्यवस्थितान् (vyavasthitān) - arrayed, positioned (to kill Arjuna) (stationed, arranged, resolved)

• अर्जुनस्य (arjunasya) - of Arjuna

• अन्तकाय (antakāya) - for the death (of Arjuna), to bring about the death (of Arjuna) (for death, for the Destroyer (Yama))

• संशप्तकान् (saṁśaptakān) - the Saṃśaptakas (a specific group of warriors who swore to kill Arjuna) (those who have sworn a mutual oath (to fight to the death))

• निहतान् (nihatān) - slain, killed (slain, killed, destroyed)

• अर्जुनेन (arjunena) - by Arjuna

• तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• आशंसे (āśaṁse) - I hoped for (victory) (I hope for, I expect)

• विजयाय (vijayāya) - for victory

• संजय (saṁjaya) - O Sañjaya!

Words meanings and morphology

यदा (yadā) - when (when, at which time)

(indeclinable)

अश्रौषम् (aśrauṣam) - I heard

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, aorist (luṅ) of śru

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Aorist form from √śru

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

अस्मदीयान् (asmadīyān) - our (Kaurava) (our, belonging to us)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of asmadīya

asmadīya - our, ours, belonging to us

derived from asmad (we)

Note: Agrees with mahārathān and saṃśaptakān

महारथान् (mahārathān) - great warriors, great generals (great charioteers)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of mahāratha

mahāratha - a great warrior, great charioteer

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective (masculine)
• ratha – chariot, warrior (often implying charioteer)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with asmadīyān and saṃśaptakān

व्यवस्थितान् (vyavasthitān) - arrayed, positioned (to kill Arjuna) (stationed, arranged, resolved)

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, plural of vyavasthita

vyavasthita - stationed, arranged, established, determined

past passive participle

from vi-ava-√sthā

Prefixes: vi+ava

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Agrees with mahārathān and saṃśaptakān

अर्जुनस्य (arjunasya) - of Arjuna

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - Arjuna (name of a Pāṇḍava prince), white, silver

अन्तकाय (antakāya) - for the death (of Arjuna), to bring about the death (of Arjuna) (for death, for the Destroyer (Yama))

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of antaka

antaka - causing an end, destroyer, Death (personified), Yama

agent noun

from √ant (to end)

Root: ant (class 10)

Note: Dative of purpose

संशप्तकान् (saṁśaptakān) - the Saṃśaptakas (a specific group of warriors who swore to kill Arjuna) (those who have sworn a mutual oath (to fight to the death))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of saṃśaptaka

saṁśaptaka - one who has sworn a mutual oath, sworn warrior (specifically those who vowed to kill Arjuna or die)

past passive participle

from sam-√śap (to curse, swear an oath) + -aka suffix

Prefix: sam

Root: śap (class 1)

Note: Refers to a specific division of the Kaurava army

निहतान् (nihatān) - slain, killed (slain, killed, destroyed)

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, plural of nihata

nihata - slain, killed, destroyed

past passive participle

from ni-√han

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Agrees with mahārathān and saṃśaptakān

अर्जुनेन (arjunena) - by Arjuna

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - Arjuna (name of a Pāṇḍava prince), white, silver

तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

आशंसे (āśaṁse) - I hoped for (victory) (I hope for, I expect)

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of ā-śaṃs

Prefix: ā

Root: śaṃs (class 1)

Note: Often used with 'na' to mean 'to despair' or 'lose hope'. Context implies past tense due to 'yadā...tadā'

विजयाय (vijayāya) - for victory

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of vijaya

vijaya - victory, triumph, conquest

संजय (saṁjaya) - O Sañjaya!

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Sañjaya (name of Dhṛtarāṣṭra's charioteer), victory