महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-1, verse-162

तं तथावादिनं दीनं विलपन्तं महीपतिम् ।
गावल्गणिरिदं धीमान्महार्थं वाक्यमब्रवीत् ॥१६२॥

162. taṁ tathāvādinaṁ dīnaṁ vilapantaṁ mahīpatim ,
gāvalgaṇiridaṁ dhīmānmahārthaṁ vākyamabravīt.

162. tam tathā vādinam dīnam vilapantam mahīpatim |
gāvalgaṇiḥ idam dhīmān mahārtham vākyam abravīt

162. To that king, who was speaking thus, distressed and lamenting, the wise Gāvalgaṇi (Sañjaya) spoke these profound words.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - that (king) (him, that)

• तथा (tathā) - thus, in that way (as he had just spoken) (thus, so, in that manner)

• वादिनम् (vādinam) - who was speaking (in that manner) (speaking, speaker, who says)

• दीनम् (dīnam) - distressed (by sorrow) (distressed, miserable, wretched)

• विलपन्तम् (vilapantam) - lamenting (his fate) (lamenting, wailing)

• महीपतिम् (mahīpatim) - the king (Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (king, lord of the earth)

• गावल्गणिः (gāvalgaṇiḥ) - Sanjaya (the son of Gavālgāṇa) (Sanjaya (son of Gavālgāṇa))

• इदम् (idam) - these (words) (this)

• धीमान् (dhīmān) - the wise (Sanjaya) (intelligent, wise, discerning)

• महार्थम् (mahārtham) - profound (words) (of great meaning, significant, profound)

• वाक्यम् (vākyam) - words, statement (word, speech, sentence)

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke (he spoke, he said)

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - that (king) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Dhṛtarāṣṭra.

तथा (tathā) - thus, in that way (as he had just spoken) (thus, so, in that manner)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb modifying 'vādinam'.

वादिनम् (vādinam) - who was speaking (in that manner) (speaking, speaker, who says)

(agent noun/adjective)

Note: Qualifies 'mahīpatim'.

दीनम् (dīnam) - distressed (by sorrow) (distressed, miserable, wretched)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dīna

dīna - distressed, sad, miserable, wretched, humble

Note: Qualifies 'mahīpatim'.

विलपन्तम् (vilapantam) - lamenting (his fate) (lamenting, wailing)

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vilapat

vilapat - lamenting, wailing

present participle (active)

from vi-lap + śatṛ

Prefix: vi

Root: lap (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'mahīpatim'.

महीपतिम् (mahīpatim) - the king (Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (king, lord of the earth)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahīpati

mahīpati - lord of the earth, king, sovereign

Compound type : tatpurusha (mahī+pati)

• mahī – earth, ground, land
  noun (feminine)
• pati – lord, master, husband, ruler
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of 'abravīt'.

गावल्गणिः (gāvalgaṇiḥ) - Sanjaya (the son of Gavālgāṇa) (Sanjaya (son of Gavālgāṇa))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gāvalgaṇi

gāvalgaṇi - descendant of Gavālgāṇa (epithet of Sanjaya)

Note: Subject of 'abravīt'.

इदम् (idam) - these (words) (this)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

Note: Qualifies 'vākyam'.

धीमान् (dhīmān) - the wise (Sanjaya) (intelligent, wise, discerning)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhīmat

dhīmat - intelligent, wise, clever, discerning

Note: Qualifies 'gāvalgaṇiḥ'.

महार्थम् (mahārtham) - profound (words) (of great meaning, significant, profound)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mahārtha

mahārtha - of great meaning, significant, important, profound

Compound type : bahuvrihi/tatpurusha (mahat+artha)

• mahat – great, large, important
  adjective (neuter)
• artha – meaning, purpose, object, wealth
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'vākyam'.

वाक्यम् (vākyam) - words, statement (word, speech, sentence)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vākya

vākya - speech, sentence, word, statement

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of 'abravīt'.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke (he spoke, he said)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (aorist) (luṅ) of brū

Root: brū (class 2)