महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-1, verse-114

यदाश्रौषं मामकानां वरिष्ठान्धनंजयेनैकरथेन भग्नान् ।
विराटराष्ट्रे वसता महात्मना तदा नाशंसे विजयाय संजय ॥११४॥

114. yadāśrauṣaṁ māmakānāṁ variṣṭhā;ndhanaṁjayenaikarathena bhagnān ,
virāṭarāṣṭre vasatā mahātmanā; tadā nāśaṁse vijayāya saṁjaya.

114. yadā aśrauṣam māmakānām variṣṭhān
dhanaṃjayena ekarathena bhagnān
virāṭarāṣṭre vasatā mahātmanā
tadā na āśaṃse vijayāya saṃjaya

114. O Sañjaya, when I heard that our chief warriors had been defeated by the great-souled Dhananjaya (Arjuna), who was then residing in the Virāṭa kingdom and was riding alone on a single chariot, then I lost all hope for victory.

Words meanings summery:

• यदा (yadā) - when

• अश्रौषम् (aśrauṣam) - I heard

• मामकानाम् (māmakānām) - of our chief warriors (Kauravas) (of my people, of ours)

• वरिष्ठान् (variṣṭhān) - the chief warriors among my people (the best, chief, most excellent)

• धनंजयेन (dhanaṁjayena) - by Dhananjaya (Arjuna)

• एकरथेन (ekarathena) - Arjuna, riding alone on a single chariot (by a single chariot)

• भग्नान् (bhagnān) - our chief warriors, defeated (defeated, broken)

• विराटराष्ट्रे (virāṭarāṣṭre) - in the kingdom of Virāṭa

• वसता (vasatā) - by him residing (residing, dwelling)

• महात्मना (mahātmanā) - by Arjuna, the great-souled one (by the great-souled one)

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• न (na) - not

• आशंसे (āśaṁse) - I had hope for, I hoped for (in past context) (I hope)

• विजयाय (vijayāya) - for victory

• संजय (saṁjaya) - O Sañjaya

Words meanings and morphology

यदा (yadā) - when

(indeclinable)

अश्रौषम् (aśrauṣam) - I heard

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, past aorist (luṅ) of śru

Root: śru (class 5)

मामकानाम् (māmakānām) - of our chief warriors (Kauravas) (of my people, of ours)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of māmaka

māmaka - my, mine, belonging to me, my kinsmen

derived from mama (my)

वरिष्ठान् (variṣṭhān) - the chief warriors among my people (the best, chief, most excellent)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of variṣṭha

variṣṭha - best, chief, excellent, principal, greatest

superlative

superlative degree of vara (excellent)

धनंजयेन (dhanaṁjayena) - by Dhananjaya (Arjuna)

(proper_noun)

Compound type : upapada tatpuruṣa (dhana+jaya)

• dhana – wealth, riches, property, money
  noun (neuter)
• jaya – victory, conquest, triumph; victorious
  noun (masculine)
  action noun
  from root ji (to conquer)
  Root: ji (class 1)

एकरथेन (ekarathena) - Arjuna, riding alone on a single chariot (by a single chariot)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of ekaratha

ekaratha - having a single chariot, on a single chariot

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (eka+ratha)

• eka – one, single, alone
  numeral (masculine)
• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)

Note: agrees with Dhananjaya

भग्नान् (bhagnān) - our chief warriors, defeated (defeated, broken)

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, plural of bhagna

bhagna - broken, shattered, defeated, frustrated

past passive participle

past passive participle of root bhañj (to break)

Root: bhañj (class 7)

Note: agrees with 'variṣṭhān'

विराटराष्ट्रे (virāṭarāṣṭre) - in the kingdom of Virāṭa

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of virāṭarāṣṭra

virāṭarāṣṭra - the kingdom of Virāṭa (name of a country and its king)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (virāṭa+rāṣṭra)

• virāṭa – Virāṭa (name of a king and his kingdom where the Pāṇḍavas spent their last year of exile)
  proper_noun (masculine)
• rāṣṭra – kingdom, country, realm, state
  noun (neuter)

वसता (vasatā) - by him residing (residing, dwelling)

(participle)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vasat

vasat - dwelling, residing, living

present active participle

present active participle of root vas (to dwell)

Root: vas (class 1)

Note: agrees with 'mahātmanā'

महात्मना (mahātmanā) - by Arjuna, the great-souled one (by the great-souled one)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, high-minded, noble, magnanimous

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• ātman – soul, self, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)

Note: agrees with Dhananjaya

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

आशंसे (āśaṁse) - I had hope for, I hoped for (in past context) (I hope)

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of āśaṃs

Prefix: ā

Root: śaṃs (class 1)

विजयाय (vijayāya) - for victory

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of vijaya

vijaya - victory, triumph, conquest

action noun

from root ji with prefix vi

Prefix: vi

Root: ji (class 1)

संजय (saṁjaya) - O Sañjaya

(proper_noun)