महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-1, verse-122

यदाश्रौषं कर्ण उवाच भीष्मं नाहं योत्स्ये युध्यमाने त्वयीति ।
हित्वा सेनामपचक्राम चैव तदा नाशंसे विजयाय संजय ॥१२२॥

122. yadāśrauṣaṁ karṇa uvāca bhīṣmaṁ; nāhaṁ yotsye yudhyamāne tvayīti ,
hitvā senāmapacakrāma caiva; tadā nāśaṁse vijayāya saṁjaya.

122. yadā aśrauṣam karṇaḥ uvāca bhīṣmam
na aham yotsye yudhyamāne tvayi
iti hitvā senām apacakrāma ca eva
tadā na āśaṃse vijayāya saṃjaya

122. When I heard that Karna told Bhishma, 'I will not fight while you are engaged in battle,' and that he (Karna) then abandoned the army and withdrew, then, O Sanjaya, I lost all hope for victory.

122. כאשר שמעתי שקַרְנַה אמר לבְּהִישְׁמַה שהוא לא ילחם כל עוד בְּהִישְׁמַה נלחם, ושעזב את הצבא והסתלק, אז, הו סַנְג׳ַיַה, איבדתי כל תקווה לניצחון.

Words meanings summery:

• यदा (yadā) - when (when, at which time)

• अश्रौषम् (aśrauṣam) - I heard

• कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karna (Karna (name))

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said (he said, he spoke)

• भीष्मम् (bhīṣmam) - Bhishma (Bhishma (name))

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• अहम् (aham) - I

• योत्स्ये (yotsye) - I will fight

• युध्यमाने (yudhyamāne) - while fighting, when fighting (fighting, battling (locative singular))

• त्वयि (tvayi) - you (locative, 'while you are') (in you, on you, at you)

• इति (iti) - marks end of direct speech (thus, so (marks end of quoted speech))

• हित्वा (hitvā) - having abandoned (having left, having abandoned)

• सेनाम् (senām) - the army (army, host)

• अपचक्राम (apacakrāma) - he withdrew, went away (he went away, retreated)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• एव (eva) - indeed, then (emphasizing the action) (indeed, certainly, only)

• तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• आशंसे (āśaṁse) - I hope (for victory), I expect (victory) (I hope, I expect)

• विजयाय (vijayāya) - for victory

• संजय (saṁjaya) - O Sanjaya

Words meanings and morphology

यदा (yadā) - when (when, at which time)

(indeclinable)

अश्रौषम् (aśrauṣam) - I heard

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, past aorist (luṅ) of śru

Root: śru (class 5)

कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karna (Karna (name))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - Karna (name of a warrior in Mahabharata)

Note: Subject of `uvāca`.

उवाच (uvāca) - he said (he said, he spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Expresses an action in the past, often translated as simple past.

भीष्मम् (bhīṣmam) - Bhishma (Bhishma (name))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (name of a famous warrior in Mahabharata)

Note: Direct object of `uvāca`.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of aham

aham - I (first person singular pronoun)

Note: Subject of `yotsye`.

योत्स्ये (yotsye) - I will fight

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, future (lṛṭ) of yudh

Root: yudh (class 4)

युध्यमाने (yudhyamāne) - while fighting, when fighting (fighting, battling (locative singular))

(nominal form)

Locative, masculine, singular of yudhyamāna

yudhyamāna - fighting, battling, contending

present_participle

from yudh, middle voice

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Part of locative absolute construction (`yudhyamāne tvayi`).

त्वयि (tvayi) - you (locative, 'while you are') (in you, on you, at you)

(pronoun)

Locative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (second person pronoun)

Note: Part of locative absolute construction (`yudhyamāne tvayi`).

इति (iti) - marks end of direct speech (thus, so (marks end of quoted speech))

(indeclinable)

हित्वा (hitvā) - having abandoned (having left, having abandoned)

(verb)

active, past (ktvā) of hā

absolutive

from hā

Root: hā (class 3)

Note: Precedes `apacakrāma`.

सेनाम् (senām) - the army (army, host)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of senā

senā - army, host, force

Note: Object of `hitvā`.

अपचक्राम (apacakrāma) - he withdrew, went away (he went away, retreated)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of apa-kram

Prefix: apa

Root: kram (class 1)

Note: Refers to Karna.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, then (emphasizing the action) (indeed, certainly, only)

(indeclinable)

तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

Note: Correlative to `yadā`.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

आशंसे (āśaṁse) - I hope (for victory), I expect (victory) (I hope, I expect)

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of ā-śaṃs

Prefix: ā

Root: śaṃs (class 1)

Note: Followed by a dative object `vijayāya`.

विजयाय (vijayāya) - for victory

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of vijaya

vijaya - victory, triumph, conquest

action_noun

from vi-ji

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Object of desire for `āśaṃse`.

संजय (saṁjaya) - O Sanjaya

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Sanjaya (name)

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