महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-1, verse-122

यदाश्रौषं कर्ण उवाच भीष्मं नाहं योत्स्ये युध्यमाने त्वयीति ।
हित्वा सेनामपचक्राम चैव तदा नाशंसे विजयाय संजय ॥१२२॥

122. yadāśrauṣaṁ karṇa uvāca bhīṣmaṁ; nāhaṁ yotsye yudhyamāne tvayīti ,
hitvā senāmapacakrāma caiva; tadā nāśaṁse vijayāya saṁjaya.

122. yadā aśrauṣam karṇaḥ uvāca bhīṣmam
na aham yotsye yudhyamāne tvayi
iti hitvā senām apacakrāma ca eva
tadā na āśaṃse vijayāya saṃjaya

122. When I heard that Karna told Bhishma, 'I will not fight while you are engaged in battle,' and that he (Karna) then abandoned the army and withdrew, then, O Sanjaya, I lost all hope for victory.

Words meanings summery:

• यदा (yadā) - when (when, at which time)

• अश्रौषम् (aśrauṣam) - I heard

• कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karna (Karna (name))

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said (he said, he spoke)

• भीष्मम् (bhīṣmam) - Bhishma (Bhishma (name))

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• अहम् (aham) - I

• योत्स्ये (yotsye) - I will fight

• युध्यमाने (yudhyamāne) - while fighting, when fighting (fighting, battling (locative singular))

• त्वयि (tvayi) - you (locative, 'while you are') (in you, on you, at you)

• इति (iti) - marks end of direct speech (thus, so (marks end of quoted speech))

• हित्वा (hitvā) - having abandoned (having left, having abandoned)

• सेनाम् (senām) - the army (army, host)

• अपचक्राम (apacakrāma) - he withdrew, went away (he went away, retreated)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• एव (eva) - indeed, then (emphasizing the action) (indeed, certainly, only)

• तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• आशंसे (āśaṁse) - I hope (for victory), I expect (victory) (I hope, I expect)

• विजयाय (vijayāya) - for victory

• संजय (saṁjaya) - O Sanjaya

Words meanings and morphology

यदा (yadā) - when (when, at which time)

(indeclinable)

अश्रौषम् (aśrauṣam) - I heard

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, past aorist (luṅ) of śru

Root: śru (class 5)

कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karna (Karna (name))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - Karna (name of a warrior in Mahabharata)

Note: Subject of `uvāca`.

उवाच (uvāca) - he said (he said, he spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Expresses an action in the past, often translated as simple past.

भीष्मम् (bhīṣmam) - Bhishma (Bhishma (name))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (name of a famous warrior in Mahabharata)

Note: Direct object of `uvāca`.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of aham

aham - I (first person singular pronoun)

Note: Subject of `yotsye`.

योत्स्ये (yotsye) - I will fight

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, future (lṛṭ) of yudh

Root: yudh (class 4)

युध्यमाने (yudhyamāne) - while fighting, when fighting (fighting, battling (locative singular))

(nominal form)

Locative, masculine, singular of yudhyamāna

yudhyamāna - fighting, battling, contending

present_participle

from yudh, middle voice

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Part of locative absolute construction (`yudhyamāne tvayi`).

त्वयि (tvayi) - you (locative, 'while you are') (in you, on you, at you)

(pronoun)

Locative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (second person pronoun)

Note: Part of locative absolute construction (`yudhyamāne tvayi`).

इति (iti) - marks end of direct speech (thus, so (marks end of quoted speech))

(indeclinable)

हित्वा (hitvā) - having abandoned (having left, having abandoned)

(verb)

active, past (ktvā) of hā

absolutive

from hā

Root: hā (class 3)

Note: Precedes `apacakrāma`.

सेनाम् (senām) - the army (army, host)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of senā

senā - army, host, force

Note: Object of `hitvā`.

अपचक्राम (apacakrāma) - he withdrew, went away (he went away, retreated)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of apa-kram

Prefix: apa

Root: kram (class 1)

Note: Refers to Karna.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, then (emphasizing the action) (indeed, certainly, only)

(indeclinable)

तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

Note: Correlative to `yadā`.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

आशंसे (āśaṁse) - I hope (for victory), I expect (victory) (I hope, I expect)

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of ā-śaṃs

Prefix: ā

Root: śaṃs (class 1)

Note: Followed by a dative object `vijayāya`.

विजयाय (vijayāya) - for victory

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of vijaya

vijaya - victory, triumph, conquest

action_noun

from vi-ji

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Object of desire for `āśaṃse`.

संजय (saṁjaya) - O Sanjaya

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Sanjaya (name)