महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-1, verse-106

यदाश्रौषं द्रौपदीमश्रुकण्ठीं सभां नीतां दुःखितामेकवस्त्राम् ।
रजस्वलां नाथवतीमनाथवत्तदा नाशंसे विजयाय संजय ॥१०६॥

106. yadāśrauṣaṁ draupadīmaśrukaṇṭhīṁ; sabhāṁ nītāṁ duḥkhitāmekavastrām ,
rajasvalāṁ nāthavatīmanāthava;ttadā nāśaṁse vijayāya saṁjaya.

106. yadā aśrauṣam draupadīm aśrukāṇṭhīm
sabhām nītām duḥkhitām ekavastrām
rajasvalām nāthavatīm anāthavat
tadā na āśaṃse vijayāya saṃjaya

106. O Sanjaya, when I heard that Draupadi, tearful, distressed, wearing a single garment, and in her menses, was dragged into the assembly hall, and though she had protectors, she was treated as if she had none, then I lost hope for victory.

Words meanings summery:

• यदा (yadā) - when (when, at what time)

• अश्रौषम् (aśrauṣam) - I heard

• द्रौपदीम् (draupadīm) - Draupadi (Draupadi (a name))

• अश्रुकाण्ठीम् (aśrukāṇṭhīm) - tearful (lit. having a tearful throat) (with a tearful throat)

• सभाम् (sabhām) - into the assembly hall (to the assembly, to the hall)

• नीताम् (nītām) - dragged, brought (led, brought, guided)

• दुःखिताम् (duḥkhitām) - distressed (distressed, sorrowful, unhappy)

• एकवस्त्राम् (ekavastrām) - wearing a single garment

• रजस्वलाम् (rajasvalām) - in her menses (menstruating, in her menses)

• नाथवतीम् (nāthavatīm) - though having protectors (husbands) (having a protector, having a master/husband)

• अनाथवत् (anāthavat) - as if she had none (like one without a protector, like an orphan)

• तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• आशंसे (āśaṁse) - I lost hope (I hope, I wish)

• विजयाय (vijayāya) - for victory

• संजय (saṁjaya) - O Sanjaya

Words meanings and morphology

यदा (yadā) - when (when, at what time)

(indeclinable)

अश्रौषम् (aśrauṣam) - I heard

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, aorist (luṅ) of śru

Root: śru (class 5)

द्रौपदीम् (draupadīm) - Draupadi (Draupadi (a name))

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of draupadī

draupadī - Draupadi (wife of the Pandavas)

Derived from Drupada (her father)

अश्रुकाण्ठीम् (aśrukāṇṭhīm) - tearful (lit. having a tearful throat) (with a tearful throat)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of aśrukāṇṭhī

aśrukāṇṭhī - whose throat is choked with tears, tearful

Compound type : bahuvrihi (aśru+kaṇṭha)

• aśru – tear
  noun (neuter)
• kaṇṭha – throat, neck
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with Draupadīm.

सभाम् (sabhām) - into the assembly hall (to the assembly, to the hall)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of sabhā

sabhā - assembly, council, hall, gambling house

नीताम् (nītām) - dragged, brought (led, brought, guided)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of nīta

nīta - led, brought, guided, conveyed

past passive participle

Derived from root nī- (to lead, carry)

Root: nī (class 1)

Note: Agrees with Draupadīm.

दुःखिताम् (duḥkhitām) - distressed (distressed, sorrowful, unhappy)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of duḥkhita

duḥkhita - distressed, sorrowful, unhappy, afflicted

past passive participle (from root duḥkh-)

Derived from duḥkha (pain, sorrow)

Note: Agrees with Draupadīm.

एकवस्त्राम् (ekavastrām) - wearing a single garment

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of ekavastrā

ekavastrā - wearing a single garment

Compound type : bahuvrihi (eka+vastra)

• eka – one, single, alone
  numeral (feminine)
• vastra – garment, cloth
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with Draupadīm.

रजस्वलाम् (rajasvalām) - in her menses (menstruating, in her menses)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of rajasvalā

rajasvalā - menstruating woman, woman in her courses

Derived from rajas (menses)

Note: Agrees with Draupadīm.

नाथवतीम् (nāthavatīm) - though having protectors (husbands) (having a protector, having a master/husband)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of nāthavatī

nāthavatī - having a lord, having a master, having a protector (feminine)

Derived from nātha (lord, protector) with suffix -vat

Note: Agrees with Draupadīm. Implies she had her husbands (Pandavas) but they couldn't protect her.

अनाथवत् (anāthavat) - as if she had none (like one without a protector, like an orphan)

(indeclinable)

Derived from anātha (without a protector) with suffix -vat (like)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+nātha+vat)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• nātha – lord, master, protector
  noun (masculine)
• vat – like, as if, possessing
  indeclinable
  Adverbial suffix meaning 'like' or 'as if'.

तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

आशंसे (āśaṁse) - I lost hope (I hope, I wish)

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of ā-śaṃs

Prefix: ā

Root: śaṃs (class 1)

Note: With 'na', it means 'I do not hope'.

विजयाय (vijayāya) - for victory

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of vijaya

vijaya - victory, triumph, conquest

action noun

Derived from root ji- (to conquer) with prefix vi-

Prefix: vi

Root: ji (class 1)

संजय (saṁjaya) - O Sanjaya

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Sanjaya (name of Dhritarashtra's charioteer)