महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-1, verse-126

यदाश्रौषं भीष्ममत्यन्तशूरं हतं पार्थेनाहवेष्वप्रधृष्यम् ।
शिखण्डिनं पुरतः स्थापयित्वा तदा नाशंसे विजयाय संजय ॥१२६॥

126. yadāśrauṣaṁ bhīṣmamatyantaśūraṁ; hataṁ pārthenāhaveṣvapradhṛṣyam ,
śikhaṇḍinaṁ purataḥ sthāpayitvā; tadā nāśaṁse vijayāya saṁjaya.

126. yadā aśrauṣam bhīṣmam atyantaśūram
hatam pārthena āhaveṣu apradhṛṣyam
śikhaṇḍinam purataḥ sthāpayitvā
tadā na āśaṃse vijayāya sañjaya

126. O Sañjaya, when I heard that the exceedingly brave Bhīṣma, who was invincible in battles, had been killed by Pārtha (Arjuna) after placing Śikhaṇḍin in front, then I no longer hoped for victory.

Words meanings summery:

• यदा (yadā) - when, at which time

• अश्रौषम् (aśrauṣam) - I heard

• भीष्मम् (bhīṣmam) - Bhīṣma

• अत्यन्तशूरम् (atyantaśūram) - exceedingly brave, very heroic

• हतम् (hatam) - killed, slain

• पार्थेन (pārthena) - by Pārtha, by Arjuna

• आहवेषु (āhaveṣu) - in battles

• अप्रधृष्यम् (apradhṛṣyam) - invincible, impossible to overcome directly (unassailable, unconquerable)

• शिखण्डिनम् (śikhaṇḍinam) - Śikhaṇḍin

• पुरतः (purataḥ) - in front, before

• स्थापयित्वा (sthāpayitvā) - using Śikhaṇḍin as a shield or a psychological weapon against Bhīṣma (having placed, having caused to stand)

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• न (na) - not, no

• आशंसे (āśaṁse) - I hope, I expect

• विजयाय (vijayāya) - for victory

• सञ्जय (sañjaya) - O Sañjaya

Words meanings and morphology

यदा (yadā) - when, at which time

(indeclinable)

अश्रौषम् (aśrauṣam) - I heard

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, aorist (luṅ) of śru

Root: śru (class 5)

भीष्मम् (bhīṣmam) - Bhīṣma

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhīṣma (name of a Kuru hero); terrible, formidable

अत्यन्तशूरम् (atyantaśūram) - exceedingly brave, very heroic

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of atyantaśūra

atyantaśūra - exceedingly brave, very valiant

Compound type : karmadhāraya (atyanta+śūra)

• atyanta – excessive, extreme, very much
  indeclinable
  derived from ati-√ant (to go beyond)
  Prefix: ati
  Root: ant (class 1)
• śūra – brave, valiant, heroic
  adjective

हतम् (hatam) - killed, slain

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of hata

hata - killed, slain, destroyed, struck

past participle

derived from √han (to strike, kill)

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'bhīṣmam'.

पार्थेन (pārthena) - by Pārtha, by Arjuna

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kuntī); Arjuna; another name for Yudhiṣṭhira, Bhīmasena

Patronymic from Pṛthā

आहवेषु (āhaveṣu) - in battles

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of āhava

āhava - battle, war, combat

action noun

derived from ā-√hve (to call, challenge, fight)

Prefix: ā

Root: hve (class 1)

अप्रधृष्यम् (apradhṛṣyam) - invincible, impossible to overcome directly (unassailable, unconquerable)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of apradhṛṣya

apradhṛṣya - unassailable, irresistible, unconquerable

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+pradhṛṣya)

• a – not, un-
  prefix
• pradhṛṣya – assailable, assailable, conquerable
  adjective
  gerundive
  derived from pra-√dhṛṣ (to dare, attack)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: dhṛṣ (class 5)

Note: Agrees with 'bhīṣmam'.

शिखण्डिनम् (śikhaṇḍinam) - Śikhaṇḍin

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śikhaṇḍin

śikhaṇḍin - Śikhaṇḍin (a warrior, originally female, protected by Arjuna); having a top-knot, crested

पुरतः (purataḥ) - in front, before

(indeclinable)

स्थापयित्वा (sthāpayitvā) - using Śikhaṇḍin as a shield or a psychological weapon against Bhīṣma (having placed, having caused to stand)

(indeclinable)

absolutive (causative)

derived from causative of √sthā (to stand, place)

Root: sthā (class 1)

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

आशंसे (āśaṁse) - I hope, I expect

(verb)

1st person , singular, ātmanepada, present (laṭ) of āśaṃs

Prefix: ā

Root: śaṃs (class 1)

विजयाय (vijayāya) - for victory

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of vijaya

vijaya - victory, triumph, conquest

action noun

derived from vi-√ji

Prefix: vi

Root: ji (class 1)

सञ्जय (sañjaya) - O Sañjaya

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of sañjaya

sañjaya - Sañjaya (name of Dhṛtarāṣṭra's charioteer); victory, triumphant

Prefix: sam

Root: ji (class 1)