महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-1, verse-109

यदाश्रौषमर्जुनो देवदेवं किरातरूपं त्र्यम्बकं तोष्य युद्धे ।
अवाप तत्पाशुपतं महास्त्रं तदा नाशंसे विजयाय संजय ॥१०९॥

109. yadāśrauṣamarjuno devadevaṁ; kirātarūpaṁ tryambakaṁ toṣya yuddhe ,
avāpa tatpāśupataṁ mahāstraṁ; tadā nāśaṁse vijayāya saṁjaya.

109. yadā aśrauṣam arjunaḥ devadevam
kirātarūpam tryambakam toṣya yuddhe
avāpa tat pāśupatam mahāstram
tadā na āśaṃse vijayāya saṃjaya

109. Sañjaya, when I heard that Arjuna, having pleased the god of gods, Tryambaka, who appeared in the form of a Kirāta, through battle, obtained that great Pāśupata weapon, I then no longer hoped for victory.

Words meanings summery:

• यदा (yadā) - when (when, at which time)

• अश्रौषम् (aśrauṣam) - I heard

• अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - Arjuna (one of the Pāṇḍavas) (Arjuna (a name))

• देवदेवम् (devadevam) - the god of gods (Śiva) (god of gods (epithet of Śiva))

• किरातरूपम् (kirātarūpam) - in the form of a hunter (in the form of a Kirāta (hunter))

• त्र्यम्बकम् (tryambakam) - Tryambaka (Śiva) (Tryambaka (epithet of Śiva, "three-eyed"))

• तोष्य (toṣya) - having pleased (having pleased, after pleasing)

• युद्धे (yuddhe) - in battle (in battle, by means of battle)

• अवाप (avāpa) - obtained (he obtained, he reached)

• तत् (tat) - that

• पाशुपतम् (pāśupatam) - the Pāśupata (weapon) (related to Paśupati (Śiva), the Pāśupata weapon)

• महास्त्रम् (mahāstram) - great weapon (great weapon, potent missile)

• तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• आशंसे (āśaṁse) - I hope (for victory) (I hope, I expect)

• विजयाय (vijayāya) - for victory (for victory, to victory)

• संजय (saṁjaya) - O Sañjaya (O Sañjaya (vocative))

Words meanings and morphology

यदा (yadā) - when (when, at which time)

(indeclinable)

अश्रौषम् (aśrauṣam) - I heard

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, past (luṅ) of śru

root of the 5th conjugation (śṛṇoti)

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: augment 'a' indicates past tense

अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - Arjuna (one of the Pāṇḍavas) (Arjuna (a name))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - white, clear, bright, a proper name (son of Pāṇḍu)

Note: Subject of avāpa

देवदेवम् (devadevam) - the god of gods (Śiva) (god of gods (epithet of Śiva))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of devadeva

devadeva - god of gods (epithet of Śiva, Viṣṇu, Brahmā)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (deva+deva)

• deva – god, deity
  noun (masculine)
• deva – god, deity
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of toṣya

किरातरूपम् (kirātarūpam) - in the form of a hunter (in the form of a Kirāta (hunter))

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kirātarūpa

kirātarūpa - having the form of a Kirāta

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kirāta+rūpa)

• kirāta – a Kirāta (a mountain tribe, often associated with hunters)
  noun (masculine)
• rūpa – form, shape, appearance
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with devadevam and tryambakam

त्र्यम्बकम् (tryambakam) - Tryambaka (Śiva) (Tryambaka (epithet of Śiva, "three-eyed"))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tryambaka

tryambaka - having three mothers/eyes (epithet of Śiva)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (tri+ambaka)

• tri – three
  numeral
• ambaka – eye, mother
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of toṣya

तोष्य (toṣya) - having pleased (having pleased, after pleasing)

(gerund)

युद्धे (yuddhe) - in battle (in battle, by means of battle)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, war

action noun / past participle

from root yudh (to fight)

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Locative can indicate 'in' or 'by means of'

अवाप (avāpa) - obtained (he obtained, he reached)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of āp

from ā + āp (to obtain)

Prefix: ā

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Irregular perfect form of āp

तत् (tat) - that

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to mahāstram

पाशुपतम् (pāśupatam) - the Pāśupata (weapon) (related to Paśupati (Śiva), the Pāśupata weapon)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pāśupata

pāśupata - relating to Paśupati (Śiva), a follower of Śiva, a divine weapon of Śiva

derived from Paśupati (an epithet of Śiva)

Note: Agrees with mahāstram

महास्त्रम् (mahāstram) - great weapon (great weapon, potent missile)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mahāstra

mahāstra - a great weapon, a potent missile

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahat+astra)

• mahat – great, large
  adjective (neuter)
• astra – weapon, missile
  noun (neuter)

Note: Object of avāpa

तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

Note: Correlates with yadā

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle of negation

आशंसे (āśaṁse) - I hope (for victory) (I hope, I expect)

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of āśaṃs

from ā + śaṃs (to praise, declare)

Prefix: ā

Root: śaṃs (class 1)

Note: Ātmanepada form

विजयाय (vijayāya) - for victory (for victory, to victory)

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of vijaya

vijaya - victory, triumph, conquest, success

action noun

from vi + ji (to conquer)

Prefix: vi

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Expresses purpose

संजय (saṁjaya) - O Sañjaya (O Sañjaya (vocative))

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Sañjaya (proper name), victory, conquest

Note: Address to Sañjaya