महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-1, verse-171

तेभ्यश्चान्ये गताः पूर्वं राजानो बलवत्तराः ।
महारथा महात्मानः सर्वैः समुदिता गुणैः ॥१७१॥

171. tebhyaścānye gatāḥ pūrvaṁ rājāno balavattarāḥ ,
mahārathā mahātmānaḥ sarvaiḥ samuditā guṇaiḥ.

171. tebhyaḥ ca anye gatāḥ pūrvam rājānaḥ balavattarāḥ
mahārathāḥ mahātmānaḥ sarvaiḥ samuditāḥ guṇaiḥ

171. And other kings, even more powerful than them, great warriors and noble-souled, endowed with all virtues, have passed away before.

Words meanings summery:

• तेभ्यः (tebhyaḥ) - Used in comparison: 'than the previously mentioned kings'. (from them, than them)

• च (ca) - Connects the current statement with the previous one. (and)

• अन्ये (anye) - Other kings, distinct from those previously mentioned. (others)

• गताः (gatāḥ) - Have died, ceased to exist. (gone, passed away)

• पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - Indicates that these kings lived and passed away in an earlier time. (before, previously, formerly)

• राजानः (rājānaḥ) - The subject of the sentence, these other kings. (kings)

• बलवत्तराः (balavattarāḥ) - Describing the other kings as possessing greater strength compared to the previous list. (more powerful, mightier)

• महारथाः (mahārathāḥ) - An epithet for these kings, indicating their prowess in battle. (great charioteers, great warriors)

• महात्मानः (mahātmānaḥ) - An epithet for these kings, indicating their virtuous character. (great-souled, noble-minded, exalted)

• सर्वैः (sarvaiḥ) - By all (kinds of) qualities. (by all)

• समुदिताः (samuditāḥ) - These kings were endowed with (all) virtues. (endowed with, furnished with, united)

• गुणैः (guṇaiḥ) - The virtues they possessed, which they were endowed with. (by qualities, by virtues)

Words meanings and morphology

तेभ्यः (tebhyaḥ) - Used in comparison: 'than the previously mentioned kings'. (from them, than them)

(pronoun)

Ablative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Used in comparison 'than them'.

च (ca) - Connects the current statement with the previous one. (and)

(indeclinable)

अन्ये (anye) - Other kings, distinct from those previously mentioned. (others)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of anya

anya - other, another

गताः (gatāḥ) - Have died, ceased to exist. (gone, passed away)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of gata

gata - gone, departed, passed away

past passive participle

from √gam

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Often functions as an adjective or noun, here in a predicate sense.

पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - Indicates that these kings lived and passed away in an earlier time. (before, previously, formerly)

(indeclinable)

Note: Functions adverbially here.

राजानः (rājānaḥ) - The subject of the sentence, these other kings. (kings)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, prince

Root: rāj (class 1)

बलवत्तराः (balavattarāḥ) - Describing the other kings as possessing greater strength compared to the previous list. (more powerful, mightier)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of balavattara

balavattara - more powerful, mightier, stronger (comparative of balavat)

comparative suffix -tara

महारथाः (mahārathāḥ) - An epithet for these kings, indicating their prowess in battle. (great charioteers, great warriors)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mahāratha

mahāratha - a great warrior, one fighting from a great chariot

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahat+ratha)

• mahat – great, large, mighty
  adjective (masculine)
• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ramh (class 1)

महात्मानः (mahātmānaḥ) - An epithet for these kings, indicating their virtuous character. (great-souled, noble-minded, exalted)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble, magnanimous, exalted

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahat+ātman)

• mahat – great, large, mighty
  adjective (masculine)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit
  noun (masculine)
  Root: an (class 2)

सर्वैः (sarvaiḥ) - By all (kinds of) qualities. (by all)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

समुदिताः (samuditāḥ) - These kings were endowed with (all) virtues. (endowed with, furnished with, united)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of samudita

samudita - united, assembled, endowed with, furnished with, excellent

past passive participle

from √i (to go) with sam + ud, meaning 'united, assembled, hence endowed'.

Prefixes: sam+ud

Root: i (class 2)

गुणैः (guṇaiḥ) - The virtues they possessed, which they were endowed with. (by qualities, by virtues)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of guṇa

guṇa - quality, virtue, merit, strand, rope