महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-1, verse-150

यदाश्रौषं श्रान्तमेकं शयानं ह्रदं गत्वा स्तम्भयित्वा तदम्भः ।
दुर्योधनं विरथं भग्नदर्पं तदा नाशंसे विजयाय संजय ॥१५०॥

150. yadāśrauṣaṁ śrāntamekaṁ śayānaṁ; hradaṁ gatvā stambhayitvā tadambhaḥ ,
duryodhanaṁ virathaṁ bhagnadarpaṁ; tadā nāśaṁse vijayāya saṁjaya.

150. yadā aśrauṣam śrāntam ekam śayānam
hradam gatvā stambhayitvā tat ambhaḥ
| duryodhanam viratham bhagnadarpam
tadā na āśaṃse vijayāya sañjaya

150. O Sañjaya, when I heard that Duryodhana, exhausted, alone, and deprived of his chariot, had gone to a lake, stopped its waters, and was resting there with his pride broken, then I lost all hope for victory.

150. כאשר שמעתי שדוּרְיוֹדְהַנַה התעייף, נשאר לבדו, הלך אל האגם, עצר את מימיו, ושכב כשהוא ללא מרכבה ושבר גאוותו, אז, הו סַנְג׳ַיַה, איבדתי כל תקווה לניצחון.

Words meanings summery:

• यदा (yadā) - when (when, at which time)

• अश्रौषम् (aśrauṣam) - I heard

• श्रान्तम् (śrāntam) - exhausted (exhausted, weary, tired)

• एकम् (ekam) - alone (one, alone, solitary)

• शयानम् (śayānam) - resting (lying down, resting, sleeping)

• ह्रदम् (hradam) - to a lake (lake, pond, deep pool)

• गत्वा (gatvā) - having gone (having gone, having proceeded)

• स्तम्भयित्वा (stambhayitvā) - having stopped/blocked (having stopped, having paralyzed, having obstructed)

• तत् (tat) - its (that)

• अम्भः (ambhaḥ) - water

• दुर्योधनम् (duryodhanam) - Duryodhana

• विरथम् (viratham) - deprived of his chariot (chariot-less, deprived of a chariot)

• भग्नदर्पम् (bhagnadarpam) - with his pride broken (with broken pride, humiliated)

• तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• आशंसे (āśaṁse) - I hope (I hope, I wish, I expect)

• विजयाय (vijayāya) - for victory (for victory, for triumph)

• सञ्जय (sañjaya) - O Sanjaya (Sanjaya)

Words meanings and morphology

यदा (yadā) - when (when, at which time)

(indeclinable)

अश्रौषम् (aśrauṣam) - I heard

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, past aorist (luṅ) of śru

Root: śru (class 5)

श्रान्तम् (śrāntam) - exhausted (exhausted, weary, tired)

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śrānta

śrānta - weary, tired, exhausted, fatigued

past passive participle

from root śram (to be weary)

Root: śram (class 4)

एकम् (ekam) - alone (one, alone, solitary)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of eka

eka - one, single, alone, unique, chief

शयानम् (śayānam) - resting (lying down, resting, sleeping)

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śayāna

śayāna - lying, resting, sleeping

present participle

from root śī (to lie down), ātmanepada

Root: śī (class 2)

ह्रदम् (hradam) - to a lake (lake, pond, deep pool)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of hrada

hrada - lake, pond, deep pool of water, ocean

गत्वा (gatvā) - having gone (having gone, having proceeded)

(indeclinable)

absolutive/gerund

from root gam (to go)

Root: gam (class 1)

स्तम्भयित्वा (stambhayitvā) - having stopped/blocked (having stopped, having paralyzed, having obstructed)

(indeclinable)

absolutive/gerund (causative)

from causative of root stambh (to stop, obstruct)

Root: stambh (class 1)

तत् (tat) - its (that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

अम्भः (ambhaḥ) - water

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ambhas

ambhas - water, fluid, sky, cloud

दुर्योधनम् (duryodhanam) - Duryodhana

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana (name of the eldest Kaurava prince)

Prefix: dur

Root: yudh (class 4)

विरथम् (viratham) - deprived of his chariot (chariot-less, deprived of a chariot)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of viratha

viratha - chariot-less, dismounted from a chariot

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vi+ratha)

• vi – without, deprived of
  indeclinable
• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)

भग्नदर्पम् (bhagnadarpam) - with his pride broken (with broken pride, humiliated)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhagnadarpa

bhagnadarpa - having broken pride, humbled, humiliated

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (bhagna+darpa)

• bhagna – broken, shattered, defeated
  participle (masculine)
  past passive participle
  from root bhañj (to break)
  Root: bhañj (class 7)
• darpa – pride, arrogance, haughtiness, conceit
  noun (masculine)

तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

आशंसे (āśaṁse) - I hope (I hope, I wish, I expect)

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of ā-śaṃs

Prefix: ā

Root: śaṃs (class 1)

विजयाय (vijayāya) - for victory (for victory, for triumph)

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of vijaya

vijaya - victory, triumph, conquest

action noun

from vi-ji (to conquer)

Prefix: vi

Root: ji (class 1)

सञ्जय (sañjaya) - O Sanjaya (Sanjaya)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of sañjaya

sañjaya - Sanjaya (name of Dhṛtarāṣṭra's charioteer and narrator)

Prefix: sam

Root: ji (class 1)

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