महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-1, verse-150

यदाश्रौषं श्रान्तमेकं शयानं ह्रदं गत्वा स्तम्भयित्वा तदम्भः ।
दुर्योधनं विरथं भग्नदर्पं तदा नाशंसे विजयाय संजय ॥१५०॥

150. yadāśrauṣaṁ śrāntamekaṁ śayānaṁ; hradaṁ gatvā stambhayitvā tadambhaḥ ,
duryodhanaṁ virathaṁ bhagnadarpaṁ; tadā nāśaṁse vijayāya saṁjaya.

150. yadā aśrauṣam śrāntam ekam śayānam
hradam gatvā stambhayitvā tat ambhaḥ
| duryodhanam viratham bhagnadarpam
tadā na āśaṃse vijayāya sañjaya

150. O Sañjaya, when I heard that Duryodhana, exhausted, alone, and deprived of his chariot, had gone to a lake, stopped its waters, and was resting there with his pride broken, then I lost all hope for victory.

Words meanings summery:

• यदा (yadā) - when (when, at which time)

• अश्रौषम् (aśrauṣam) - I heard

• श्रान्तम् (śrāntam) - exhausted (exhausted, weary, tired)

• एकम् (ekam) - alone (one, alone, solitary)

• शयानम् (śayānam) - resting (lying down, resting, sleeping)

• ह्रदम् (hradam) - to a lake (lake, pond, deep pool)

• गत्वा (gatvā) - having gone (having gone, having proceeded)

• स्तम्भयित्वा (stambhayitvā) - having stopped/blocked (having stopped, having paralyzed, having obstructed)

• तत् (tat) - its (that)

• अम्भः (ambhaḥ) - water

• दुर्योधनम् (duryodhanam) - Duryodhana

• विरथम् (viratham) - deprived of his chariot (chariot-less, deprived of a chariot)

• भग्नदर्पम् (bhagnadarpam) - with his pride broken (with broken pride, humiliated)

• तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• आशंसे (āśaṁse) - I hope (I hope, I wish, I expect)

• विजयाय (vijayāya) - for victory (for victory, for triumph)

• सञ्जय (sañjaya) - O Sanjaya (Sanjaya)

Words meanings and morphology

यदा (yadā) - when (when, at which time)

(indeclinable)

अश्रौषम् (aśrauṣam) - I heard

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, past aorist (luṅ) of śru

Root: śru (class 5)

श्रान्तम् (śrāntam) - exhausted (exhausted, weary, tired)

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śrānta

śrānta - weary, tired, exhausted, fatigued

past passive participle

from root śram (to be weary)

Root: śram (class 4)

एकम् (ekam) - alone (one, alone, solitary)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of eka

eka - one, single, alone, unique, chief

शयानम् (śayānam) - resting (lying down, resting, sleeping)

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śayāna

śayāna - lying, resting, sleeping

present participle

from root śī (to lie down), ātmanepada

Root: śī (class 2)

ह्रदम् (hradam) - to a lake (lake, pond, deep pool)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of hrada

hrada - lake, pond, deep pool of water, ocean

गत्वा (gatvā) - having gone (having gone, having proceeded)

(indeclinable)

absolutive/gerund

from root gam (to go)

Root: gam (class 1)

स्तम्भयित्वा (stambhayitvā) - having stopped/blocked (having stopped, having paralyzed, having obstructed)

(indeclinable)

absolutive/gerund (causative)

from causative of root stambh (to stop, obstruct)

Root: stambh (class 1)

तत् (tat) - its (that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

अम्भः (ambhaḥ) - water

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ambhas

ambhas - water, fluid, sky, cloud

दुर्योधनम् (duryodhanam) - Duryodhana

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana (name of the eldest Kaurava prince)

Prefix: dur

Root: yudh (class 4)

विरथम् (viratham) - deprived of his chariot (chariot-less, deprived of a chariot)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of viratha

viratha - chariot-less, dismounted from a chariot

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vi+ratha)

• vi – without, deprived of
  indeclinable
• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)

भग्नदर्पम् (bhagnadarpam) - with his pride broken (with broken pride, humiliated)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhagnadarpa

bhagnadarpa - having broken pride, humbled, humiliated

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (bhagna+darpa)

• bhagna – broken, shattered, defeated
  participle (masculine)
  past passive participle
  from root bhañj (to break)
  Root: bhañj (class 7)
• darpa – pride, arrogance, haughtiness, conceit
  noun (masculine)

तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

आशंसे (āśaṁse) - I hope (I hope, I wish, I expect)

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of ā-śaṃs

Prefix: ā

Root: śaṃs (class 1)

विजयाय (vijayāya) - for victory (for victory, for triumph)

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of vijaya

vijaya - victory, triumph, conquest

action noun

from vi-ji (to conquer)

Prefix: vi

Root: ji (class 1)

सञ्जय (sañjaya) - O Sanjaya (Sanjaya)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of sañjaya

sañjaya - Sanjaya (name of Dhṛtarāṣṭra's charioteer and narrator)

Prefix: sam

Root: ji (class 1)