महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-1, verse-119

यदाश्रौषं कर्णदुर्योधनाभ्यां बुद्धिं कृतां निग्रहे केशवस्य ।
तं चात्मानं बहुधा दर्शयानं तदा नाशंसे विजयाय संजय ॥११९॥

119. yadāśrauṣaṁ karṇaduryodhanābhyāṁ; buddhiṁ kṛtāṁ nigrahe keśavasya ,
taṁ cātmānaṁ bahudhā darśayānaṁ; tadā nāśaṁse vijayāya saṁjaya.

119. yadā aśrauṣam karṇaduryodhanābhyām
buddhim kṛtām nigrahe keśavasya
tam ca ātmānam bahudhā darśayānam
tadā na āśaṃse vijayāya saṃjaya

119. When I heard that Karna and Duryodhana had devised a plan to capture Keshava, and that Keshava revealed himself in many forms, then, O Sanjaya, I lost all hope for victory.

Words meanings summery:

• यदा (yadā) - when (when, at which time)

• अश्रौषम् (aśrauṣam) - I heard

• कर्णदुर्योधनाभ्याम् (karṇaduryodhanābhyām) - by Karna and Duryodhana

• बुद्धिम् (buddhim) - a plan, an intention (intellect, understanding, intention, plan)

• कृताम् (kṛtām) - made, devised (done, made, performed)

• निग्रहे (nigrahe) - for the capture, in the restraint (in restraining, in capturing, in subduing)

• केशवस्य (keśavasya) - of Keshava (Krishna) (of Keshava)

• तम् (tam) - him (referring to Keshava) (him, that (masculine accusative singular))

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - himself (oneself, the self, soul)

• बहुधा (bahudhā) - in many forms (in many ways, manifold)

• दर्शयानम् (darśayānam) - showing (himself), revealing (himself) (causing to see, showing (oneself))

• तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• आशंसे (āśaṁse) - I hope (for victory), I expect (victory) (I hope, I expect)

• विजयाय (vijayāya) - for victory

• संजय (saṁjaya) - O Sanjaya

Words meanings and morphology

यदा (yadā) - when (when, at which time)

(indeclinable)

अश्रौषम् (aśrauṣam) - I heard

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, past aorist (luṅ) of śru

Root: śru (class 5)

कर्णदुर्योधनाभ्याम् (karṇaduryodhanābhyām) - by Karna and Duryodhana

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, dual of karṇaduryodhana

karṇaduryodhana - Karna and Duryodhana

Compound type : dvandva (karṇa+duryodhana)

• karṇa – Karna (name)
  noun (masculine)
• duryodhana – Duryodhana (name)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to the two individuals, Karna and Duryodhana.

बुद्धिम् (buddhim) - a plan, an intention (intellect, understanding, intention, plan)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of buddhi

buddhi - intellect, understanding, perception, intention, plan

action_noun

from budh

Root: budh (class 1)

Note: Object of `kṛtām`.

कृताम् (kṛtām) - made, devised (done, made, performed)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kṛta

kṛta - done, made, performed

past_passive_participle

from kṛ

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Modifies `buddhim`.

निग्रहे (nigrahe) - for the capture, in the restraint (in restraining, in capturing, in subduing)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of nigraha

nigraha - restraint, capture, subduing

action_noun

from ni-grah

Root: grah (class 9)

Note: Locative expressing purpose or context.

केशवस्य (keśavasya) - of Keshava (Krishna) (of Keshava)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of keśava

keśava - Keshava (an epithet of Krishna, having fine hair or killer of the demon Keshi)

Note: Object of `nigrahe`.

तम् (tam) - him (referring to Keshava) (him, that (masculine accusative singular))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Direct object of `darśayānam`.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - himself (oneself, the self, soul)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, essence

Note: Reflexive pronoun, object of `darśayānam`.

बहुधा (bahudhā) - in many forms (in many ways, manifold)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb modifying `darśayānam`.

दर्शयानम् (darśayānam) - showing (himself), revealing (himself) (causing to see, showing (oneself))

(nominal form)

Accusative, masculine, singular of darśayat

darśayat - showing, causing to see

present_participle

causative of dṛś

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Modifies `tam` (Keshava).

तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

Note: Correlative to `yadā`.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

आशंसे (āśaṁse) - I hope (for victory), I expect (victory) (I hope, I expect)

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of ā-śaṃs

Prefix: ā

Root: śaṃs (class 1)

Note: Followed by a dative object `vijayāya`.

विजयाय (vijayāya) - for victory

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of vijaya

vijaya - victory, triumph, conquest

action_noun

from vi-ji

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Object of desire for `āśaṃse`.

संजय (saṁjaya) - O Sanjaya

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Sanjaya (name)