महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-59, verse-96

कीर्तिमांस्तस्य पुत्रोऽभूत्सोऽपि पञ्चातिगोऽभवत् ।
कर्दमस्तस्य च सुतः सोऽप्यतप्यन्महत्तपः ॥९६॥

96. kīrtimāṁstasya putro'bhūtso'pi pañcātigo'bhavat ,
kardamastasya ca sutaḥ so'pyatapyanmahattapaḥ.

96. kīrtimān tasya putraḥ abhūt saḥ api pañcātigaḥ abhavat
kardamaḥ tasya ca sutaḥ saḥ api atapyat mahat tapaḥ

96. tasya putraḥ kīrtimān abhūt saḥ api pañcātigaḥ abhavat
ca tasya sutaḥ kardamaḥ saḥ api mahat tapaḥ atapyat

96. His son was Kirtiman (Kīrtimān), and he too became one who transcended the five (senses or elements). And his (Kirtiman's) son was Kardama (Kardama), who also performed great austerities (tapas).

Words meanings summery:

• कीर्तिमान् (kīrtimān) - Kirtiman (Kirtiman (proper name, 'famous, glorious'))

• तस्य (tasya) - his (Virajas') (his, of that)

• पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son (son, child)

• अभूत् (abhūt) - was (he/she/it was, became, existed)

• सः (saḥ) - he (Kirtiman) (he, that)

• अपि (api) - too (also, even, too)

• पञ्चातिगः (pañcātigaḥ) - one who transcended the five (senses or elements of material existence) (one who transcends the five)

• अभवत् (abhavat) - he became (he/she/it became, was, existed)

• कर्दमः (kardamaḥ) - Kardama (Kardama (proper name))

• तस्य (tasya) - his (Kirtiman's) (his, of that)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• सुतः (sutaḥ) - son (son, offspring)

• सः (saḥ) - he (Kardama) (he, that)

• अपि (api) - also (also, even, too)

• अतप्यत् (atapyat) - he performed austerities (he/she/it performed penance/austerity, heated himself/herself/itself)

• महत् (mahat) - great (great, large, extensive, important)

• तपः (tapaḥ) - austerities (tapas) (austerity, penance, heat)

Words meanings and morphology

कीर्तिमान् (kīrtimān) - Kirtiman (Kirtiman (proper name, 'famous, glorious'))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kīrtimat

kīrtimat - famous, glorious, renowned; one who possesses fame

possessive adjective (primary suffix -mat)

Derived from 'kīrti' (fame) with the suffix -mat.

Note: Subject.

तस्य (tasya) - his (Virajas') (his, of that)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Virajas.

पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son (son, child)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child, offspring

अभूत् (abhūt) - was (he/she/it was, became, existed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, aorist (luṅ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

सः (saḥ) - he (Kirtiman) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Kirtiman.

अपि (api) - too (also, even, too)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes that this applies to Kirtiman as well.

पञ्चातिगः (pañcātigaḥ) - one who transcended the five (senses or elements of material existence) (one who transcends the five)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pañcātiga

pañcātiga - one who transcends the five (senses, elements, objects of sense)

Compound of 'pañca' (five) and 'atiga' (going beyond).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pañca+atiga)

• pañca – five
  numeral
• atiga – going beyond, transcending, surpassing
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from 'ati' (beyond) and root 'gā/gam' (to go).
  Prefix: ati
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Predicate adjective for 'saḥ'.

अभवत् (abhavat) - he became (he/she/it became, was, existed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

कर्दमः (kardamaḥ) - Kardama (Kardama (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kardama

kardama - mud, mire; a proper name of a Rishi/Prajapati

Note: Subject.

तस्य (tasya) - his (Kirtiman's) (his, of that)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Kirtiman.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the two clauses.

सुतः (sutaḥ) - son (son, offspring)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of suta

suta - son, offspring

Past Passive Participle (sometimes)

Can be PPP of root 'sū' (to beget) or a noun directly.

Root: sū (class 2)

सः (saḥ) - he (Kardama) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Kardama.

अपि (api) - also (also, even, too)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes that this applies to Kardama as well.

अतप्यत् (atapyat) - he performed austerities (he/she/it performed penance/austerity, heated himself/herself/itself)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of tap

Root: tap (class 1)

महत् (mahat) - great (great, large, extensive, important)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, extensive, important, eminent

Note: Agrees with 'tapaḥ'.

तपः (tapaḥ) - austerities (tapas) (austerity, penance, heat)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - austerity, penance, spiritual heat, religious observance

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Object of 'atapyat'.