महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-59, verse-55

तथा राजगुणाश्चैव सेनापतिगुणाश्च ये ।
कारणस्य च कर्तुश्च गुणदोषास्तथैव च ॥५५॥

55. tathā rājaguṇāścaiva senāpatiguṇāśca ye ,
kāraṇasya ca kartuśca guṇadoṣāstathaiva ca.

55. tathā rājaguṇāḥ ca eva senāpatiguṇāḥ ca ye
kāraṇasya ca kartuḥ ca guṇadoṣāḥ tathā eva ca

55. tathā rājaguṇāḥ ca eva senāpatiguṇāḥ ca ye
kāraṇasya ca kartuḥ ca guṇadoṣāḥ tathā eva ca

55. Similarly, (one should consider) the qualities of a king and those of a general, and likewise, the merits and demerits of both the cause and the agent.

Words meanings summery:

• तथा (tathā) - similarly, likewise, thus, so

• राजगुणाः (rājaguṇāḥ) - qualities of a king, royal attributes

• च (ca) - and, also

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only, just

• सेनापतिगुणाः (senāpatiguṇāḥ) - qualities of a general, attributes of a commander

• च (ca) - and, also

• ये (ye) - who, which

• कारणस्य (kāraṇasya) - of the cause, of the reason, of the instrument

• च (ca) - and, also

• कर्तुः (kartuḥ) - of the doer, of the agent, of the maker

• च (ca) - and, also

• गुणदोषाः (guṇadoṣāḥ) - merits and demerits, good and bad qualities, advantages and disadvantages

• तथा (tathā) - similarly, likewise, thus, so

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only, just

• च (ca) - and, also

Words meanings and morphology

तथा (tathā) - similarly, likewise, thus, so

(indeclinable)

Adverb

राजगुणाः (rājaguṇāḥ) - qualities of a king, royal attributes

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rājaguṇa

rājaguṇa - quality of a king, royal attribute

Compound of rājan (king) and guṇa (quality).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rājan+guṇa)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)
• guṇa – quality, attribute, virtue, merit, strand
  noun (masculine)

Note: The nominative plural form 'rājaguṇāḥ' suggests 'the qualities of a king (are also to be considered)'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only, just

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle

सेनापतिगुणाः (senāpatiguṇāḥ) - qualities of a general, attributes of a commander

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of senāpatiguṇa

senāpatiguṇa - quality of a general/commander-in-chief

Compound of senāpati (general) and guṇa (quality).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (senāpati+guṇa)

• senāpati – commander of an army, general
  noun (masculine)
  Compound of senā (army) and pati (master, lord).
• guṇa – quality, attribute, virtue, merit, strand
  noun (masculine)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

ये (ye) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - which, who, what

Relative pronoun

Note: Refers to 'guṇāḥ' (qualities).

कारणस्य (kāraṇasya) - of the cause, of the reason, of the instrument

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of kāraṇa

kāraṇa - cause, reason, instrument, motive

From root √kṛ (to do, make) + -ana suffix.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

कर्तुः (kartuḥ) - of the doer, of the agent, of the maker

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of kartṛ

kartṛ - doer, agent, maker, creator

Agent noun from root √kṛ (to do, make).

Root: kṛ (class 8)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

गुणदोषाः (guṇadoṣāḥ) - merits and demerits, good and bad qualities, advantages and disadvantages

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of guṇadoṣa

guṇadoṣa - merits and demerits, good and bad qualities, advantages and disadvantages

Dvandva compound of guṇa (quality, merit) and doṣa (fault, demerit).

Compound type : dvandva (guṇa+doṣa)

• guṇa – quality, attribute, virtue, merit, strand
  noun (masculine)
• doṣa – fault, defect, demerit, vice, imperfection
  noun (masculine)
  From root √duṣ (to be bad, fail).
  Root: duṣ (class 4)

Note: Refers to the merits and demerits.

तथा (tathā) - similarly, likewise, thus, so

(indeclinable)

Adverb

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only, just

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction