महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-59, verse-5

य एष राजा-राजेति शब्दश्चरति भारत ।
कथमेष समुत्पन्नस्तन्मे ब्रूहि पितामह ॥५॥

5. ya eṣa rājā-rājeti śabdaścarati bhārata ,
kathameṣa samutpannastanme brūhi pitāmaha.

5. yaḥ eṣaḥ rājā-rājā iti śabdaḥ carati bhārata
katham eṣaḥ samutpannaḥ tat me brūhi pitāmaha

5. bhārata pitāmaha yaḥ eṣaḥ rājā-rājā iti śabdaḥ
carati eṣaḥ katham samutpannaḥ tat me brūhi

5. O descendant of Bharata (Bhārata), how did this word 'king' (rājā-rājā) which is commonly used, come into existence? Please tell me that, O grandfather (pitāmaha).

Words meanings summery:

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which

• एषः (eṣaḥ) - this, he

• राजा-राजा (rājā-rājā) - Refers to the concept or term 'king' itself, or 'king par excellence' (the word 'king' (literally 'king-king'))

• इति (iti) - thus, in this manner (marks direct speech or refers to a word)

• शब्दः (śabdaḥ) - word, sound, term

• चरति (carati) - is commonly used, is prevalent (moves, walks, is current, circulates)

• भारत (bhārata) - Addressed to Bhishma (O descendant of Bharata)

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

• एषः (eṣaḥ) - this, he

• समुत्पन्नः (samutpannaḥ) - originated, arisen, produced

• तत् (tat) - that, this

• मे (me) - to me, for me, my

• ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell, speak, say (imperative)

• पितामह (pitāmaha) - Addressed to Bhishma (O grandfather)

Words meanings and morphology

यः (yaḥ) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

एषः (eṣaḥ) - this, he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, he, she, it (proximal demonstrative)

राजा-राजा (rājā-rājā) - Refers to the concept or term 'king' itself, or 'king par excellence' (the word 'king' (literally 'king-king'))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

Note: The repetition 'rājā-rājā' is likely referring to the word 'rājā' itself.

इति (iti) - thus, in this manner (marks direct speech or refers to a word)

(indeclinable)

शब्दः (śabdaḥ) - word, sound, term

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śabda

śabda - sound, word, term, voice

चरति (carati) - is commonly used, is prevalent (moves, walks, is current, circulates)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, Present (Laṭ) of car

Present tense, 3rd person singular

Derived from root car, 1st class, present (Laṭ)

Root: car (class 1)

भारत (bhārata) - Addressed to Bhishma (O descendant of Bharata)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, related to Bharata, Indian

कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

(indeclinable)

एषः (eṣaḥ) - this, he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, he, she, it (proximal demonstrative)

समुत्पन्नः (samutpannaḥ) - originated, arisen, produced

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samutpanna

samutpanna - originated, arisen, produced, born

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root pad with prefixes sam and ud

Prefixes: sam+ud

Root: pad (class 4)

तत् (tat) - that, this

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it

मे (me) - to me, for me, my

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me (first person pronoun)

Alternate form for dative/genitive singular of 'asmad'

Note: Enclitic form

ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell, speak, say (imperative)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, Imperative (Loṭ) of brū

Imperative, 2nd person singular

Derived from root brū, 2nd class, imperative (Loṭ)

Root: brū (class 2)

पितामह (pitāmaha) - Addressed to Bhishma (O grandfather)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pitāmaha

pitāmaha - grandfather, great father