महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-59, verse-13

भीष्म उवाच ।
नियतस्त्वं नरश्रेष्ठ शृणु सर्वमशेषतः ।
यथा राज्यं समुत्पन्नमादौ कृतयुगेऽभवत् ॥१३॥

13. bhīṣma uvāca ,
niyatastvaṁ naraśreṣṭha śṛṇu sarvamaśeṣataḥ ,
yathā rājyaṁ samutpannamādau kṛtayuge'bhavat.

13. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca niyatam tvam naraśreṣṭha śṛṇu sarvam
aśeṣataḥ yathā rājyam samutpannam ādau kṛtayuge abhavat

13. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca naraśreṣṭha tvam niyatam sarvam aśeṣataḥ
śṛṇu yathā rājyam ādau kṛtayuge samutpannam abhavat

13. Bhishma said: "O best of men (naraśreṣṭha), you, with a focused mind, listen to everything completely, regarding how the kingdom first originated in the Krita Yuga (kṛtayuga)."

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma (Bhishma (proper name))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• नियतम् (niyatam) - with a focused mind (used adverbially or as an adjective modifying 'you') (controlled, restrained, attentive, fixed)

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• नरश्रेष्ठ (naraśreṣṭha) - O best of men

• शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen (hear, listen)

• सर्वम् (sarvam) - everything (all, entire, everything)

• अशेषतः (aśeṣataḥ) - completely (completely, entirely, without remainder)

• यथा (yathā) - regarding how (how, as, just as)

• राज्यम् (rājyam) - kingdom (kingdom, sovereignty, rule)

• समुत्पन्नम् (samutpannam) - originated (originated, arisen, produced)

• आदौ (ādau) - in the beginning (in the beginning, first)

• कृतयुगे (kṛtayuge) - in the Krita Yuga (kṛtayuga) (in the Krita Yuga (Golden Age))

• अभवत् (abhavat) - was, existed (was, became, existed)

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma (Bhishma (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (a prominent character in the Mahabharata), terrible

Root: bhīṣ (class 1)

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

perfect active

3rd person singular perfect active of √vac (irregular formation)

Root: vac (class 2)

नियतम् (niyatam) - with a focused mind (used adverbially or as an adjective modifying 'you') (controlled, restrained, attentive, fixed)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of niyata

niyata - controlled, restrained, disciplined, attentive, fixed

past passive participle

Past passive participle of ni- √yam 'to control, restrain'. Accusative singular masculine, agreeing with an implied 'you' or adverbial.

Prefix: ni

Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Often functions adverbially in this context.

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

2nd person pronoun, nominative singular

नरश्रेष्ठ (naraśreṣṭha) - O best of men

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of naraśreṣṭha

naraśreṣṭha - best among men, chief of men

Compound type : tatpurusha (nara+śreṣṭha)

• nara – man, human
  noun (masculine)
  Root: nṛ
• śreṣṭha – best, excellent, supreme
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative of praśasya (praisesworthy)
  Root: praśas (class 2)

शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen (hear, listen)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of śru

imperative active

2nd person singular imperative active of √śru (class 5)

Root: śru (class 5)

सर्वम् (sarvam) - everything (all, entire, everything)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every, entire

अशेषतः (aśeṣataḥ) - completely (completely, entirely, without remainder)

(indeclinable)

Formed from aśeṣa 'without remainder' + suffix -tas

यथा (yathā) - regarding how (how, as, just as)

(indeclinable)

राज्यम् (rājyam) - kingdom (kingdom, sovereignty, rule)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of rājya

rājya - kingdom, sovereignty, dominion, rule

From rājan 'king' + suffix -ya

Root: rāj (class 1)

समुत्पन्नम् (samutpannam) - originated (originated, arisen, produced)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of samutpanna

samutpanna - originated, arisen, produced

past passive participle

Past passive participle of sam-ud- √pad 'to arise, originate'. Nominative singular neuter, agreeing with rājyam.

Prefixes: sam+ud

Root: pad (class 4)

आदौ (ādau) - in the beginning (in the beginning, first)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of ādi

ādi - beginning, commencement, first

कृतयुगे (kṛtayuge) - in the Krita Yuga (kṛtayuga) (in the Krita Yuga (Golden Age))

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of kṛtayuga

kṛtayuga - the Golden Age, the first and most perfect of the four yugas

Compound type : karmadhāraya (kṛta+yuga)

• kṛta – done, made, perfect, good
  adjective (neuter)
  past passive participle
  Past passive participle of √kṛ 'to do, make'.
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• yuga – age, epoch, yoke
  noun (masculine)
  Root: yuj (class 7)

अभवत् (abhavat) - was, existed (was, became, existed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

imperfect active

3rd person singular imperfect active of √bhū (class 1)

Root: bhū (class 1)