महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-59, verse-131

दण्डनीत्या च सततं रक्षितं तं नरेश्वर ।
नाधर्षयत्ततः कश्चिच्चारनित्याच्च दर्शनात् ॥१३१॥

131. daṇḍanītyā ca satataṁ rakṣitaṁ taṁ nareśvara ,
nādharṣayattataḥ kaściccāranityācca darśanāt.

131. daṇḍanītyā ca satatam rakṣitam tam nara-īśvara na
adharṣayat tataḥ kaścid cāra-nityāt ca darśanāt

131. nara-īśvara,
daṇḍanītyā ca satatam rakṣitam tam (rājan) tataḥ kaścid cāra-nityāt ca darśanāt na adharṣayat.

131. O Lord of men, no one dared to attack him, who was constantly protected by the science of governance and by constant intelligence and surveillance.

Words meanings summery:

• दण्डनीत्या (daṇḍanītyā) - by the science of governance, by justice, by political science

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• सततम् (satatam) - constantly, perpetually, always

• रक्षितम् (rakṣitam) - him who was protected (protected, guarded, preserved)

• तम् (tam) - him (the king) (him, that (masculine singular))

• नर-ईश्वर (nara-īśvara) - O Lord of men, O King

• न (na) - not, no

• अधर्षयत् (adharṣayat) - dared to attack (assailed, attacked, dared to overcome)

• ततः (tataḥ) - therefore, as a result (then, therefore, from that place)

• कश्चिद् (kaścid) - anyone, someone

• चार-नित्यात् (cāra-nityāt) - from constant spying, from continuous intelligence

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• दर्शनात् (darśanāt) - from seeing, from observation, from surveillance

Words meanings and morphology

दण्डनीत्या (daṇḍanītyā) - by the science of governance, by justice, by political science

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of daṇḍanīti

daṇḍanīti - science of governance, administration of justice, political science

Compound of 'daṇḍa' (punishment, rod) and 'nīti' (guidance, policy).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (daṇḍa+nīti)

• daṇḍa – stick, rod, punishment, scepter
  noun (masculine)
• nīti – guidance, conduct, policy, ethics
  noun (feminine)
  From root nī (to lead).
  Root: nī (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

सततम् (satatam) - constantly, perpetually, always

(indeclinable)

Often used adverbially in the neuter accusative singular.

Note: Used adverbially.

रक्षितम् (rakṣitam) - him who was protected (protected, guarded, preserved)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rakṣita

rakṣita - protected, guarded, saved, preserved

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root rakṣ (to protect).

Root: rakṣ (class 1)

Note: Functions adjectivally, modifying 'tam'.

तम् (tam) - him (the king) (him, that (masculine singular))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

नर-ईश्वर (nara-īśvara) - O Lord of men, O King

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of nara-īśvara

nara-īśvara - lord of men, king

Compound of 'nara' (man) and 'īśvara' (lord).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+īśvara)

• nara – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• īśvara – lord, master, supreme being
  noun (masculine)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अधर्षयत् (adharṣayat) - dared to attack (assailed, attacked, dared to overcome)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (luṅ/laṅ) of dhṛṣ

imperfect tense

Imperfect tense, 3rd person singular, parasmaipada. Root dhṛṣ, class 5 or 1 (here 10th form from causative).

Root: dhṛṣ (class 5)

ततः (tataḥ) - therefore, as a result (then, therefore, from that place)

(indeclinable)

Derived from the demonstrative pronoun 'tad'.

कश्चिद् (kaścid) - anyone, someone

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kaścit

kaścit - anyone, someone, a certain one

Indefinite pronoun, formed from 'ka' (who) + 'cit' (particle).

चार-नित्यात् (cāra-nityāt) - from constant spying, from continuous intelligence

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of cāra-nitya

cāra-nitya - constant spying, continuous intelligence gathering

Compound of 'cāra' (spy, movement) and 'nitya' (constant).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (cāra+nitya)

• cāra – spy, secret agent, movement, going
  noun (masculine)
  From root car (to move, to wander).
  Root: car (class 1)
• nitya – constant, eternal, perpetual, regular
  adjective (masculine)

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

दर्शनात् (darśanāt) - from seeing, from observation, from surveillance

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of darśana

darśana - seeing, observation, sight, view, doctrine, philosophy

action noun

Derived from the root dṛś (to see), with suffix -ana.

Root: dṛś (class 1)