महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-59, verse-9

कथमेको महीं कृत्स्नां वीरशूरार्यसंकुलाम् ।
रक्षत्यपि च लोकोऽस्य प्रसादमभिवाञ्छति ॥९॥

9. kathameko mahīṁ kṛtsnāṁ vīraśūrāryasaṁkulām ,
rakṣatyapi ca loko'sya prasādamabhivāñchati.

9. katham ekaḥ mahīm kṛtsnām vīraśūrāryasaṅkulām
rakṣati api ca lokaḥ asya prasādam abhivāñchati

9. katham ekaḥ vīraśūrāryasaṅkulām kṛtsnām mahīm
rakṣati ca api asya prasādam lokaḥ abhivāñchati

9. How does one individual (ekaḥ) protect (rakṣati) the entire earth (mahīm kṛtsnām), which is populated by valiant, brave, and noble people? And how is it that the populace (lokaḥ) still desires (abhivāñchati) his favor (prasādam)?

Words meanings summery:

• कथम् (katham) - how? in what manner?

• एकः (ekaḥ) - a single individual (one, a single one, alone)

• महीम् (mahīm) - the earth, land

• कृत्स्नाम् (kṛtsnām) - entire, whole, all

• वीरशूरार्यसङ्कुलाम् (vīraśūrāryasaṅkulām) - populated by valiant, brave, and noble people (crowded/filled with heroes, brave ones, and noble people)

• रक्षति (rakṣati) - he governs or defends (he protects, he guards, he rules)

• अपि (api) - and moreover (also, even, moreover, besides)

• च (ca) - and, also

• लोकः (lokaḥ) - the populace, the world of people (people, world, realm)

• अस्य (asya) - of that one (the ruler) (his, its, of this)

• प्रसादम् (prasādam) - the ruler's favor or grace (favor, grace, kindness, clarity, tranquility)

• अभिवाञ्छति (abhivāñchati) - the populace desires the ruler's favor (he desires, he wishes for, he longs for)

Words meanings and morphology

कथम् (katham) - how? in what manner?

(indeclinable)

Derived from 'kim' (what) + 'tha' suffix.

एकः (ekaḥ) - a single individual (one, a single one, alone)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of eka

eka - one, single, alone, unique

महीम् (mahīm) - the earth, land

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of mahī

mahī - earth, land, ground

From root 'mah' (to be great).

Root: mah (class 1)

Note: Object of the verb 'rakṣati'.

कृत्स्नाम् (kṛtsnām) - entire, whole, all

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kṛtsna

kṛtsna - entire, whole, complete, all

From root 'kṛt' (to cut, divide, make).

Root: kṛt (class 6)

वीरशूरार्यसङ्कुलाम् (vīraśūrāryasaṅkulām) - populated by valiant, brave, and noble people (crowded/filled with heroes, brave ones, and noble people)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vīraśūrāryasaṅkula

vīraśūrāryasaṅkula - crowded/filled with heroes, brave ones, and noble people

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (vīra+śūra+ārya+saṅkula)

• vīra – hero, brave, valiant, powerful man
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'vī' (to rush, move quickly).
  Root: vī
• śūra – brave, valorous, a hero, a warrior
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'śū' (to swell, be strong).
  Root: śū
• ārya – noble, honorable, respectable, Aryan
  adjective (masculine)
  From root 'ṛ' (to go, move) with 'ya' suffix.
  Root: ṛ (class 1)
• saṅkula – crowded, filled, full of, confused
  adjective (masculine)
  From prefix 'sam' + root 'kul' (to heap, collect).
  Prefix: sam
  Root: kul (class 1)

रक्षति (rakṣati) - he governs or defends (he protects, he guards, he rules)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of rakṣ

Present active indicative

From root 'rakṣ' (to protect).

Root: rakṣ (class 1)

अपि (api) - and moreover (also, even, moreover, besides)

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

लोकः (lokaḥ) - the populace, the world of people (people, world, realm)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of loka

loka - world, people, realm, space

From root 'lok' (to see, perceive).

Root: lok (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'abhivāñchati'.

अस्य (asya) - of that one (the ruler) (his, its, of this)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, that

Demonstrative pronoun.

प्रसादम् (prasādam) - the ruler's favor or grace (favor, grace, kindness, clarity, tranquility)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of prasāda

prasāda - favor, grace, kindness, clearness, tranquility, good temper

From prefix 'pra' + root 'sad' (to settle, to be gracious) + 'ghañ' suffix.

Prefix: pra

Root: sad (class 1)

अभिवाञ्छति (abhivāñchati) - the populace desires the ruler's favor (he desires, he wishes for, he longs for)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of abhi-vāñch

Present active indicative

Root 'vāñch' with prefix 'abhi'.

Prefix: abhi

Root: vāñch (class 1)