महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-59, verse-40

प्रकाशश्चाप्रकाशश्च दण्डोऽथ परिशब्दितः ।
प्रकाशोऽष्टविधस्तत्र गुह्यस्तु बहुविस्तरः ॥४०॥

40. prakāśaścāprakāśaśca daṇḍo'tha pariśabditaḥ ,
prakāśo'ṣṭavidhastatra guhyastu bahuvistaraḥ.

40. prakāśaḥ ca aprakāśaḥ ca daṇḍaḥ atha pariśabditaḥ
prakāśaḥ aṣṭavidhaḥ tatra guhyaḥ tu bahuvistaraḥ

40. daṇḍaḥ atha prakāśaḥ ca aprakāśaḥ ca pariśabditaḥ
tatra prakāśaḥ aṣṭavidhaḥ tu guhyaḥ bahuvistaraḥ

40. The use of force (daṇḍa) is described as both open and secret. Of these, the open type is eightfold, while the secret type is very extensive.

Words meanings summery:

• प्रकाशः (prakāśaḥ) - open, manifest, public

• च (ca) - and

• अप्रकाशः (aprakāśaḥ) - not open, hidden, secret

• च (ca) - and

• दण्डः (daṇḍaḥ) - the use of force, statecraft (rod, punishment, force, army, political science)

• अथ (atha) - now, then, moreover

• परिशब्दितः (pariśabditaḥ) - designated, called, named

• प्रकाशः (prakāśaḥ) - open, manifest

• अष्टविधः (aṣṭavidhaḥ) - eightfold, of eight kinds

• तत्र (tatra) - there, among them, in that case

• गुह्यः (guhyaḥ) - secret, hidden

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

• बहुविस्तरः (bahuvistaraḥ) - very extensive, greatly detailed

Words meanings and morphology

प्रकाशः (prakāśaḥ) - open, manifest, public

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prakāśa

prakāśa - light, manifestation, disclosure, open, public

Prefix: pra

Root: kāś (class 1)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

अप्रकाशः (aprakāśaḥ) - not open, hidden, secret

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aprakāśa

aprakāśa - not manifest, secret, hidden, darkness

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+prakāśa)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• prakāśa – light, manifestation, disclosure, open, public
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: kāś (class 1)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

दण्डः (daṇḍaḥ) - the use of force, statecraft (rod, punishment, force, army, political science)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of daṇḍa

daṇḍa - stick, rod, staff, punishment, chastisement, army, force, political science

अथ (atha) - now, then, moreover

(indeclinable)

परिशब्दितः (pariśabditaḥ) - designated, called, named

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pariśabdita

pariśabdita - named, called, designated, proclaimed

Past Passive Participle

Prefix: pari

Root: śabd (class 10)

प्रकाशः (prakāśaḥ) - open, manifest

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prakāśa

prakāśa - light, manifestation, disclosure, open, public

Prefix: pra

Root: kāś (class 1)

अष्टविधः (aṣṭavidhaḥ) - eightfold, of eight kinds

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aṣṭavidha

aṣṭavidha - of eight kinds, eightfold

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (aṣṭan+vidha)

• aṣṭan – eight
  numeral
• vidha – kind, sort, manner
  noun (masculine)

तत्र (tatra) - there, among them, in that case

(indeclinable)

गुह्यः (guhyaḥ) - secret, hidden

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of guhya

guhya - hidden, secret, to be concealed

Gerundive

Root: guh (class 1)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

बहुविस्तरः (bahuvistaraḥ) - very extensive, greatly detailed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bahuvistara

bahuvistara - very extensive, greatly expanded

Compound type : karmadhāraya (bahu+vistara)

• bahu – much, many, abundant
  adjective (masculine)
• vistara – expansion, detailed explanation
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: vi
  Root: stṛ (class 5)