महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-59, verse-15

पालयानास्तथान्योन्यं नरा धर्मेण भारत ।
खेदं परममाजग्मुस्ततस्तान्मोह आविशत् ॥१५॥

15. pālayānāstathānyonyaṁ narā dharmeṇa bhārata ,
khedaṁ paramamājagmustatastānmoha āviśat.

15. pālayānāḥ tathā anyonyam narāḥ dharmeṇa bhārata
| khedam paramam ājagmuḥ tataḥ tān mohaḥ āviśat

15. bhārata narāḥ tathā dharmeṇa anyonyam pālayānāḥ
paramam khedam ājagmuḥ tataḥ tān mohaḥ āviśat

15. O Bhārata, those people, protecting each other thus by their intrinsic nature (dharma), then fell into extreme misery; thereafter, delusion (moha) entered them.

Words meanings summery:

• पालयानाः (pālayānāḥ) - protecting (protecting, guarding, maintaining)

• तथा (tathā) - thus (thus, so, in that manner)

• अन्योन्यम् (anyonyam) - each other (mutually, each other)

• नराः (narāḥ) - people (men, people, human beings)

• धर्मेण (dharmeṇa) - by their intrinsic nature (dharma) (by natural law, by intrinsic nature, by righteousness)

• भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata (O Bhārata (descendant of Bharata), O India)

• खेदम् (khedam) - misery (misery, distress, sorrow, weariness)

• परमम् (paramam) - extreme (highest, supreme, extreme, utmost)

• आजग्मुः (ājagmuḥ) - fell into (reached) (they came, they reached, they obtained)

• ततः (tataḥ) - thereafter (from there, then, thereafter)

• तान् (tān) - them (the people) (them (masculine))

• मोहः (mohaḥ) - delusion (moha) (delusion, confusion, infatuation, bewilderment)

• आविशत् (āviśat) - entered (it entered, came into)

Words meanings and morphology

पालयानाः (pālayānāḥ) - protecting (protecting, guarding, maintaining)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pālayāna

pālayāna - protecting, preserving, maintaining

Present Active Participle (Ātmanepada)

Causative stem of root 'pā' (to protect) + śānac suffix, declined in masculine nominative plural

Root: pā (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'narāḥ'.

तथा (tathā) - thus (thus, so, in that manner)

(indeclinable)

अन्योन्यम् (anyonyam) - each other (mutually, each other)

(indeclinable)

From anya (other) + anya (other)

Compound type : dvandva (anya+anya)

• anya – other, another
  pronoun/adjective
• anya – other, another
  pronoun/adjective

Note: Functions adverbially.

नराः (narāḥ) - people (men, people, human beings)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nara

nara - man, human, person

धर्मेण (dharmeṇa) - by their intrinsic nature (dharma) (by natural law, by intrinsic nature, by righteousness)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty, virtue, constitution, religious ordinance

From root dhṛ 'to hold, support'

Root: dhṛ

भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata (O Bhārata (descendant of Bharata), O India)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, relating to Bharata, Indian, India

From Bharata (name of an ancient king/ancestor) + aṇ suffix

खेदम् (khedam) - misery (misery, distress, sorrow, weariness)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kheda

kheda - distress, misery, sorrow, weariness, dejection

From root khid 'to be distressed'

Root: khid

Note: Object of the verb 'ājagmuḥ'.

परमम् (paramam) - extreme (highest, supreme, extreme, utmost)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of parama

parama - highest, supreme, ultimate, utmost, chief

Superlative of para (other, distant)

Note: Agrees with 'khedam'.

आजग्मुः (ājagmuḥ) - fell into (reached) (they came, they reached, they obtained)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of ā-gam

Perfect 3rd plural

Root 'gam' (class 1) with prefix 'ā-' in perfect tense

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

ततः (tataḥ) - thereafter (from there, then, thereafter)

(indeclinable)

तान् (tān) - them (the people) (them (masculine))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Object of 'āviśat'.

मोहः (mohaḥ) - delusion (moha) (delusion, confusion, infatuation, bewilderment)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of moha

moha - delusion, confusion, infatuation, bewilderment, ignorance

From root muh 'to be bewildered'

Root: muh

Note: Subject of 'āviśat'.

आविशत् (āviśat) - entered (it entered, came into)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of ā-viś

Imperfect 3rd singular

Root 'viś' (class 6) with prefix 'ā-' in past imperfect tense

Prefix: ā

Root: viś (class 6)