महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-59, verse-8

समानजन्ममरणः समः सर्वगुणैर्नृणाम् ।
विशिष्टबुद्धीञ्शूरांश्च कथमेकोऽधितिष्ठति ॥८॥

8. samānajanmamaraṇaḥ samaḥ sarvaguṇairnṛṇām ,
viśiṣṭabuddhīñśūrāṁśca kathameko'dhitiṣṭhati.

8. samānajanmamaraṇaḥ samaḥ sarvaguṇaiḥ nṛṇām
viśiṣṭabuddhīn śūrān ca katham ekaḥ adhitiṣṭhati

8. nṛṇām samānajanmamaraṇaḥ sarvaguṇaiḥ samaḥ ekaḥ
viśiṣṭabuddhīn ca śūrān katham adhitiṣṭhati

8. If all human beings (nṛṇām) share the same birth and death, and are equal in all qualities, how can one individual (ekaḥ) govern those of superior intellect and the valiant?

Words meanings summery:

• समानजन्ममरणः (samānajanmamaraṇaḥ) - one whose birth and death are similar/equal

• समः (samaḥ) - equal, same, uniform, impartial

• सर्वगुणैः (sarvaguṇaiḥ) - by all qualities/attributes

• नृणाम् (nṛṇām) - of men, of human beings

• विशिष्टबुद्धीन् (viśiṣṭabuddhīn) - those with special/superior intellect, intelligent ones

• शूरान् (śūrān) - brave ones, heroes, warriors

• च (ca) - and, also

• कथम् (katham) - how? in what manner?

• एकः (ekaḥ) - a single individual (one, a single one, alone)

• अधितिष्ठति (adhitiṣṭhati) - he rules over or controls (he presides over, he governs, he occupies)

Words meanings and morphology

समानजन्ममरणः (samānajanmamaraṇaḥ) - one whose birth and death are similar/equal

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samānajanmamaraṇa

samānajanmamaraṇa - one whose birth and death are similar/equal

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (samāna+janman+maraṇa)

• samāna – similar, equal, common, same
  adjective (masculine)
  From prefix 'sam' + root 'an' (to breathe/live).
  Prefix: sam
  Root: an (class 2)
• janman – birth, origin, existence
  noun (neuter)
  From root 'jan' (to be born, produce) + 'man' suffix.
  Root: jan (class 4)
• maraṇa – death, dying
  noun (neuter)
  From root 'mṛ' (to die) + 'ana' suffix.
  Root: mṛ (class 1)

समः (samaḥ) - equal, same, uniform, impartial

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sama

sama - equal, same, uniform, impartial, similar

सर्वगुणैः (sarvaguṇaiḥ) - by all qualities/attributes

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of sarvaguṇa

sarvaguṇa - all qualities, endowed with all virtues

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (sarva+guṇa)

• sarva – all, every, whole
  pronoun (masculine)
• guṇa – quality, attribute, virtue, strand, constituent of nature (Prakṛti)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to 'by means of all qualities'.

नृणाम् (nṛṇām) - of men, of human beings

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of nṛ

nṛ - man, human being

Root: nṛ

विशिष्टबुद्धीन् (viśiṣṭabuddhīn) - those with special/superior intellect, intelligent ones

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of viśiṣṭabuddhi

viśiṣṭabuddhi - one with a distinguished/superior intellect

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (viśiṣṭa+buddhi)

• viśiṣṭa – special, distinguished, superior, particular
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From prefix 'vi' + root 'śiṣ' (to distinguish, to remain).
  Prefix: vi
  Root: śiṣ (class 7)
• buddhi – intellect, understanding, discernment, reason
  noun (feminine)
  From root 'budh' (to know, to understand).
  Root: budh (class 1)

Note: The form is accusative plural.

शूरान् (śūrān) - brave ones, heroes, warriors

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of śūra

śūra - brave, valorous, a hero, a warrior

From root 'śū' (to swell, be strong).

Root: śū

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

कथम् (katham) - how? in what manner?

(indeclinable)

Derived from 'kim' (what) + 'tha' suffix.

एकः (ekaḥ) - a single individual (one, a single one, alone)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of eka

eka - one, single, alone, unique

Note: Refers to the singular ruler.

अधितिष्ठति (adhitiṣṭhati) - he rules over or controls (he presides over, he governs, he occupies)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of adhi-sthā

Present active indicative

Root with prefix 'adhi'.

Prefix: adhi

Root: sthā (class 1)