महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-59, verse-106

तं दण्डनीतिः सकला श्रिता राजन्नरोत्तमम् ।
ततः स प्राञ्जलिर्वैन्यो महर्षींस्तानुवाच ह ॥१०६॥

106. taṁ daṇḍanītiḥ sakalā śritā rājannarottamam ,
tataḥ sa prāñjalirvainyo maharṣīṁstānuvāca ha.

106. tam daṇḍanītiḥ sakalā śritā rājan narottamam |
tataḥ saḥ prāñjaliḥ vainyaḥ maharṣīn tān uvāca ha

106. rājan sakalā daṇḍanītiḥ tam narottamam śritā
tataḥ saḥ vainyaḥ prāñjaliḥ tān maharṣīn ha uvāca

106. O King, the entire science of governance (daṇḍanīti) resided in that best among men. Thereafter, Vainya, with folded hands, spoke to those great sages.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - that Prithu (Vainya) (him, that)

• दण्डनीतिः (daṇḍanītiḥ) - science of governance, politics, administration of justice

• सकला (sakalā) - entire, complete, whole

• श्रिता (śritā) - resorted to, dependent on, residing in, sought refuge in

• राजन् (rājan) - The narrator addresses the listener (e.g., Janamejaya or Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (O King)

• नरोत्तमम् (narottamam) - Prithu Vainya (the best among men)

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from that

• सः (saḥ) - Vainya (he)

• प्राञ्जलिः (prāñjaliḥ) - with folded hands, reverently

• वैन्यः (vainyaḥ) - Prithu (Vainya (son of Vena, i.e., Prithu))

• महर्षीन् (maharṣīn) - great sages

• तान् (tān) - those great sages (them)

• उवाच (uvāca) - spoke

• ह (ha) - indeed, verily

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - that Prithu (Vainya) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, it

Note: Refers to Prithu Vainya.

दण्डनीतिः (daṇḍanītiḥ) - science of governance, politics, administration of justice

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of daṇḍanīti

daṇḍanīti - the science of punishment, judicial administration, statesmanship, politics, the science of governance

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (daṇḍa+nīti)

• daṇḍa – stick, staff, punishment, scepter, authority
  noun (masculine)
• nīti – guidance, conduct, policy, ethics, statesmanship
  noun (feminine)
  Root: nī (class 1)

सकला (sakalā) - entire, complete, whole

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of sakala

sakala - whole, entire, complete, all

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+kala)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
• kala – part, portion, digit
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with daṇḍanītiḥ.

श्रिता (śritā) - resorted to, dependent on, residing in, sought refuge in

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of śrita

śrita - resorted to, dependent on, joined, inhabiting, having taken refuge in

Past Passive Participle

Derived from √śri (to resort to, to depend on)

Root: śri (class 1)

Note: Agrees with daṇḍanītiḥ.

राजन् (rājan) - The narrator addresses the listener (e.g., Janamejaya or Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (O King)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: Vocative case, addressing the listener.

नरोत्तमम् (narottamam) - Prithu Vainya (the best among men)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of narottama

narottama - best of men, excellent man

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+uttama)

• nara – man, person
  noun (masculine)
• uttama – highest, best, chief, excellent
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative of ud (up)

Note: Object of 'śritā'.

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from that

(indeclinable)

सः (saḥ) - Vainya (he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, it

Note: Refers to Vainya.

प्राञ्जलिः (prāñjaliḥ) - with folded hands, reverently

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prāñjali

prāñjali - having folded hands, respectful

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (pra+añjali)

• pra – forth, forward, before
  indeclinable
• añjali – the cavity formed by folding the hands, folded hands as a mark of reverence
  noun (masculine)
  Root: añj (class 7)

Note: Agrees with 'saḥ' (Vainya).

वैन्यः (vainyaḥ) - Prithu (Vainya (son of Vena, i.e., Prithu))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vainya

vainya - descendant of Vena, Prithu

Derived from Vena + ya (patronymic suffix)

Note: Subject of the verb 'uvāca'.

महर्षीन् (maharṣīn) - great sages

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of maharṣi

maharṣi - great sage, great seer

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ṛṣi)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• ṛṣi – seer, sage, inspired poet
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of the verb 'uvāca'.

तान् (tān) - those great sages (them)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, it

Note: Agrees with 'maharṣīn'.

उवाच (uvāca) - spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular

Derived from √vac (to speak). Irregular formation.

Root: vac (class 2)

ह (ha) - indeed, verily

(indeclinable)