योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-6, chapter-85, verse-121

शिखिध्वज उवाच ।
स्वोत्पत्तिकारणप्राप्तौ कथं दुःखं सुखं च वा ।
अभ्युदेतीति वद मे दूरस्थानामपि प्रभो ॥ १२१ ॥

śikhidhvaja uvāca ,
svotpattikāraṇaprāptau kathaṃ duḥkhaṃ sukhaṃ ca vā ,
abhyudetīti vada me dūrasthānāmapi prabho 121

121. śikhidhvajaḥ uvāca svotpattikāraṇaprāptau kathaṃ duḥkhaṃ
sukhaṃ ca vā abhyudeti iti vada me dūrasthānām api prabho

121. śikhidhvajaḥ uvāca.
prabho,
me vada: svotpattikāraṇaprāptau kathaṃ duḥkhaṃ ca vā sukhaṃ abhyudeti iti,
api dūrasthānām.

121. Śikhidhvaja said: "O Lord, explain to me how sorrow or joy arises upon attaining the delightful cause of one's own origin, even for those who are far removed (from that realization)."

Words meanings summery:

• शिखिध्वजः (śikhidhvajaḥ) - Śikhidhvaja (a proper name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• स्वोत्पत्तिकारणप्राप्तौ (svotpattikāraṇaprāptau) - upon attaining the cause of one's own origin (in the attainment of the cause of one's own origin)

• कथं (kathaṁ) - how, in what manner

• दुःखं (duḥkhaṁ) - sorrow, pain, suffering

• सुखं (sukhaṁ) - joy, happiness, pleasure

• च (ca) - and (connecting sorrow and joy) (and, also)

• वा (vā) - or (connecting sorrow or joy) (or, either)

• अभ्युदेति (abhyudeti) - arises (how sorrow/joy arises) (arises, comes forth, appears)

• इति (iti) - (marks the end of the question) (thus, in this manner, marking direct speech)

• वद (vada) - tell me (speak, tell, say)

• मे (me) - to me (to me, for me, my)

• दूरस्थानाम् (dūrasthānām) - of those (like me) who are far removed (from that realization) (of those who are distant, far-off)

• अपि (api) - even (emphasizing the difficulty for those distant) (also, even, too)

• प्रभो (prabho) - O Lord, O Master

Words meanings and morphology

शिखिध्वजः (śikhidhvajaḥ) - Śikhidhvaja (a proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śikhidhvaja

śikhidhvaja - Śikhidhvaja (proper name, 'peak-bannered')

Bahuvrīhi compound: śikhī dhvaje yasya saḥ (one whose banner is a peak, or one who has a peacock for a banner - referring to Kumāra/Kārttikeya, but here it's a human name).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (śikhi+dhvaja)

• śikhi – peak, tuft, flame, peacock
  noun (masculine)
• dhvaja – banner, flag, emblem
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of uvāca.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect active

3rd person singular, perfect active. Root vac (to speak).

Root: vac (class 2)

स्वोत्पत्तिकारणप्राप्तौ (svotpattikāraṇaprāptau) - upon attaining the cause of one's own origin (in the attainment of the cause of one's own origin)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of svotpattikāraṇaprāpti

svotpattikāraṇaprāpti - attainment of the cause of one's own origin

Tatpurusha compound: svasyāḥ utpattiḥ, tasyāḥ kāraṇam, tasya prāptiḥ. A complex compound.

Compound type : tatpurusha (sva+utpatti+kāraṇa+prāpti)

• sva – own, one's own
  pronoun (neuter)
• utpatti – origin, birth, production, arising
  noun (feminine)
  From ud-pad (to arise).
  Prefix: ud
  Root: pad (class 4)
• kāraṇa – cause, reason, instrument
  noun (neuter)
  From root kṛ (to do, make) with suffix -ana.
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• prāpti – attainment, obtaining, acquisition
  noun (feminine)
  From pra-āp (to obtain).
  Prefix: pra
  Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Indicates 'when/where' in the context of attainment.

कथं (kathaṁ) - how, in what manner

(indeclinable)

Interrogative adverb.

दुःखं (duḥkhaṁ) - sorrow, pain, suffering

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - sorrow, pain, suffering, unhappiness

Note: Subject of abhyudeti.

सुखं (sukhaṁ) - joy, happiness, pleasure

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sukha

sukha - joy, happiness, pleasure, ease

Note: Subject of abhyudeti.

च (ca) - and (connecting sorrow and joy) (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

वा (vā) - or (connecting sorrow or joy) (or, either)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

Note: Often used with ca to mean 'or' or 'and/or'.

अभ्युदेति (abhyudeti) - arises (how sorrow/joy arises) (arises, comes forth, appears)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of abhyudeti

Present active

From abhi-ud-i (to go up, rise). 3rd person singular, present active.

Prefixes: abhi+ud

Root: i (class 2)

Note: The subjects are duḥkhaṃ and sukhaṃ.

इति (iti) - (marks the end of the question) (thus, in this manner, marking direct speech)

(indeclinable)

Particle.

वद (vada) - tell me (speak, tell, say)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (lot) of vad

Imperative active

From root vad (to speak). 2nd person singular, imperative active.

Root: vad (class 1)

मे (me) - to me (to me, for me, my)

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Enclitic Dative/Genitive form of asmad.

दूरस्थानाम् (dūrasthānām) - of those (like me) who are far removed (from that realization) (of those who are distant, far-off)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of dūrastha

dūrastha - distant, far-off, standing far, remote

Tatpurusha compound: dūre tiṣṭhati iti. Derived from dūra (distance) and sthā (to stand).

Compound type : tatpurusha (dūra+stha)

• dūra – distance, far, remote
  adjective (neuter)
• stha – standing, staying, situated
  adjective (masculine)
  Suffix -stha from root sthā (to stand).
  Root: sthā (class 1)

अपि (api) - even (emphasizing the difficulty for those distant) (also, even, too)

(indeclinable)

Particle.

प्रभो (prabho) - O Lord, O Master

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of prabhu

prabhu - lord, master, mighty, powerful

From pra-bhū (to be mighty).

Prefix: pra

Root: bhū (class 1)

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