योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-6, chapter-85, verse-111

क्षुधादिना पदार्थेन दुःखं केनचिदेव हि ।
तमो मेघपटेनेव स्वभावो ह्यत्र कारणम् ॥ १११ ॥

kṣudhādinā padārthena duḥkhaṃ kenacideva hi ,
tamo meghapaṭeneva svabhāvo hyatra kāraṇam 111

111. kṣudhādinā padārthena duḥkham kenacit eva hi
tamaḥ meghapaṭena iva svabhāvaḥ hi atra kāraṇam

111. duḥkham kṣudhādinā padārthena kenacit eva hi,
tamaḥ meghapaṭena iva (bhavati); atra hi svabhāvaḥ kāraṇam

111. Suffering (duḥkha) is indeed caused by certain external objects like hunger, etc., by some (entity). Yet, just as darkness is caused by a layer of clouds, so too here, one's intrinsic nature (svabhāva) is surely the underlying reason.

Words meanings summery:

• क्षुधादिना (kṣudhādinā) - by external factors like hunger (by hunger and so forth, by means of hunger etc.)

• पदार्थेन (padārthena) - by external objects/factors (by an object, by a thing, by a category)

• दुःखम् (duḥkham) - suffering (duḥkha) (suffering, pain, misery, unhappiness)

• केनचित् (kenacit) - by something (unspecified entity) (by someone, by something, by a certain one)

• एव (eva) - indeed, precisely (only, just, indeed, precisely)

• हि (hi) - surely, indeed (indeed, surely, because, for)

• तमः (tamaḥ) - darkness (darkness, gloom, ignorance, quality of inertia (tamas))

• मेघपटेन (meghapaṭena) - by a layer of clouds

• इव (iva) - as if, just as (like, as, as if, similar to)

• स्वभावः (svabhāvaḥ) - one's intrinsic nature (svabhāva) (nature, intrinsic nature, inherent disposition, essential property)

• हि (hi) - surely, indeed (indeed, surely, because, for)

• अत्र (atra) - here, in this context (here, in this place, in this matter)

• कारणम् (kāraṇam) - the cause, the underlying reason (cause, reason, instrument)

Words meanings and morphology

क्षुधादिना (kṣudhādinā) - by external factors like hunger (by hunger and so forth, by means of hunger etc.)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kṣudhā-ādi

kṣudhā-ādi - hunger etc., beginning with hunger

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kṣudhā+ādi)

• kṣudhā – hunger, appetite
  noun (feminine)
• ādi – beginning, etc., and so forth
  noun (masculine)

पदार्थेन (padārthena) - by external objects/factors (by an object, by a thing, by a category)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of padārtha

padārtha - meaning of a word, object, thing, category, element

दुःखम् (duḥkham) - suffering (duḥkha) (suffering, pain, misery, unhappiness)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - suffering, pain, misery, unhappiness

केनचित् (kenacit) - by something (unspecified entity) (by someone, by something, by a certain one)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kimcid

kimcid - someone, something, a certain one

Derived from 'kim' (what/who) and 'cid' (an emphasizing particle).

Note: Refers to an unspecified agent or cause.

एव (eva) - indeed, precisely (only, just, indeed, precisely)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

हि (hi) - surely, indeed (indeed, surely, because, for)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

तमः (tamaḥ) - darkness (darkness, gloom, ignorance, quality of inertia (tamas))

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tamas

tamas - darkness, gloom, ignorance, inertia, the quality of ignorance and dullness (tamas)

मेघपटेन (meghapaṭena) - by a layer of clouds

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of meghapaṭa

meghapaṭa - a layer of clouds, a mass of clouds

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (megha+paṭa)

• megha – cloud
  noun (masculine)
  From √mih (to sprinkle) or √megh (to irrigate).
  Root: mih (class 1)
• paṭa – cloth, garment, screen, layer, sheet
  noun (masculine)

इव (iva) - as if, just as (like, as, as if, similar to)

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle indicating comparison.

स्वभावः (svabhāvaḥ) - one's intrinsic nature (svabhāva) (nature, intrinsic nature, inherent disposition, essential property)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of svabhāva

svabhāva - one's own state of being, intrinsic nature, inherent disposition, essential property, constitution (dharma)

From sva (own) + bhāva (being, state).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sva+bhāva)

• sva – self, own
  pronoun (masculine)
• bhāva – being, existence, state, condition, feeling, disposition
  noun (masculine)
  verbal noun
  Derived from root √bhū (to be, to become).
  Root: bhū (class 1)

हि (hi) - surely, indeed (indeed, surely, because, for)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

अत्र (atra) - here, in this context (here, in this place, in this matter)

(indeclinable)

Locative adverb formed from 'idam' (this).

कारणम् (kāraṇam) - the cause, the underlying reason (cause, reason, instrument)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kāraṇa

kāraṇa - cause, reason, instrument, motive

action noun

Derived from root √kṛ (to do, make) with suffix -ana.

Root: kṛ (class 8)