वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-47, verse-40

ततो गवाक्षो गवयः सुदंष्ट्रस्तथर्षभो ज्योतिमुखो नलश्च ।
शैलान् समुद्यम्य विवृद्धकायाः प्रदुद्रुवुस्तं प्रति राक्षसेन्द्रम् ॥४०॥

40. tato gavākṣo gavayaḥ sudaṃṣṭrastatharṣabho jyotimukho nalaśca ,
śailān samudyamya vivṛddhakāyāḥ pradudruvustaṃ prati rākṣasendram.

40. tataḥ gavākṣaḥ gavayaḥ sudaṃṣṭraḥ
tathā ṛṣabhaḥ jyotirmukhaḥ nalaḥ ca
śailān samudyamya vivṛddhakāyāḥ
pradudruvuḥ tam prati rākṣasendram

40. tataḥ gavākṣaḥ,
gavayaḥ,
sudaṃṣṭraḥ,
tathā ṛṣabhaḥ,
jyotirmukhaḥ ca nalaḥ vivṛddhakāyāḥ śailān samudyamya tam rākṣasendram prati pradudruvuḥ.

40. Then, Gavākṣa, Gavaya, Sudaṃṣṭra, and also Ṛṣabha, Jyotimukha, and Nala, having enlarged their bodies and lifted up rocks, rushed towards that lord of Rākṣasas.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thereupon, from that)

• गवाक्षः (gavākṣaḥ) - Gavākṣa (Gavākṣa (name))

• गवयः (gavayaḥ) - Gavaya (Gavaya (name))

• सुदंष्ट्रः (sudaṁṣṭraḥ) - Sudaṃṣṭra (Sudaṃṣṭra (name); having good tusks/teeth)

• तथा (tathā) - and also (and, thus, also)

• ऋषभः (ṛṣabhaḥ) - Ṛṣabha (Ṛṣabha (name); bull, best)

• ज्योतिर्मुखः (jyotirmukhaḥ) - Jyotimukha (Jyotimukha (name); bright-faced)

• नलः (nalaḥ) - Nala (Nala (name))

• च (ca) - and

• शैलान् (śailān) - rocks (rocks, mountains)

• समुद्यम्य (samudyamya) - having lifted up (having lifted up, having raised)

• विवृद्धकायाः (vivṛddhakāyāḥ) - with enlarged bodies (with enlarged bodies, having grown in size)

• प्रदुद्रुवुः (pradudruvuḥ) - rushed forward (they rushed forth, ran forward)

• तम् (tam) - him (Rāvaṇa) (him, that)

• प्रति (prati) - towards (towards, to, against)

• राक्षसेन्द्रम् (rākṣasendram) - the lord of Rākṣasas (Rāvaṇa) (lord of Rākṣasas)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thereupon, from that)

(indeclinable)

गवाक्षः (gavākṣaḥ) - Gavākṣa (Gavākṣa (name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gavākṣa

gavākṣa - Gavākṣa (name of a Vānara)

गवयः (gavayaḥ) - Gavaya (Gavaya (name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gavaya

gavaya - Gavaya (name of a Vānara; also, a kind of wild ox)

सुदंष्ट्रः (sudaṁṣṭraḥ) - Sudaṃṣṭra (Sudaṃṣṭra (name); having good tusks/teeth)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sudaṃṣṭra

sudaṁṣṭra - Sudaṃṣṭra (name of a Vānara); having excellent tusks/teeth

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (su+daṃṣṭra)

• su – good, well, excellent
  indeclinable
• daṃṣṭra – tusk, fang, large tooth
  noun (feminine/neuter)

तथा (tathā) - and also (and, thus, also)

(indeclinable)

ऋषभः (ṛṣabhaḥ) - Ṛṣabha (Ṛṣabha (name); bull, best)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ṛṣabha

ṛṣabha - Ṛṣabha (name of a Vānara); bull, best, chief

ज्योतिर्मुखः (jyotirmukhaḥ) - Jyotimukha (Jyotimukha (name); bright-faced)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jyotirmukha

jyotirmukha - Jyotimukha (name of a Vānara); bright-faced, luminous-mouthed

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (jyotis+mukha)

• jyotis – light, radiance, star
  noun (neuter)
• mukha – face, mouth, front
  noun (neuter)

नलः (nalaḥ) - Nala (Nala (name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nala

nala - Nala (name of a Vānara, son of Viśvakarmā)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

शैलान् (śailān) - rocks (rocks, mountains)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of śaila

śaila - rock, stone, mountain

समुद्यम्य (samudyamya) - having lifted up (having lifted up, having raised)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Derived from √yam (to hold, restrain) with upasargas sam- + ud-.

Prefixes: sam+ud

Root: yam (class 1)

विवृद्धकायाः (vivṛddhakāyāḥ) - with enlarged bodies (with enlarged bodies, having grown in size)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vivṛddhakāya

vivṛddhakāya - with enlarged bodies, having grown in size

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vivṛddha+kāya)

• vivṛddha – enlarged, grown, increased
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from √vṛdh (to grow, increase) with upasarga vi-.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: vṛdh (class 1)
• kāya – body, mass, collection
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with the implied plural subject (Vānaras).

प्रदुद्रुवुः (pradudruvuḥ) - rushed forward (they rushed forth, ran forward)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (Lit) of dru

Prefix: pra

Root: dru (class 1)

तम् (tam) - him (Rāvaṇa) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, him, it

प्रति (prati) - towards (towards, to, against)

(indeclinable)

राक्षसेन्द्रम् (rākṣasendram) - the lord of Rākṣasas (Rāvaṇa) (lord of Rākṣasas)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rākṣasendra

rākṣasendra - lord of Rākṣasas, chief of demons

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rākṣasa+indra)

• rākṣasa – Rākṣasa, demon
  noun (masculine)
• indra – chief, lord, ruler
  noun (masculine)